Analysis of histomorphological patterns of upper GI endoscopic biopsies in a tertiary care centre

Abstract

Background: Upper gastrointestinal endoscopic biopsy is an established mode of investigation and Histopathological evaluation of these biopsies is mandatory particularly in the investigation of dysphagia, dyspepsia, GI bleeding, inflammatory conditions and carcinomas. Aims and Objectives: To analyse the various histomorphological spectrum of endoscopic biopsies of upper GI lesions and document pattern of diseases in the tertiary care hospital. Materials and Methods: Prospective study of 75 endoscopic biopsy specimens received in pathology lab at our tertiary care centre for one year.Biopsies were immediately fixed in 10% buffer formalin & routine tissue processing done, sections were cut 3-5 µ, stained with haematoxylin & eosin and special stains wherever necessary Results: Among the 75 biopsies studied 24 were from esophagus, 46 from stomach and 5 were from upper duodenum and the most common lesions encountered were chronic gastritis and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, h pylori gastritis, adenocarcinoma of stomach and polyps, few rare lesions are celiac sprue and less common were duodenal lesions. The lesions commonly seen were from stomach in middle age group and detected in males frequently. Conclusion: Histopathological evaluation of endoscopic biopsy not only permits the exact diagnosis but also early detection of pathologic process and institution of appropriate therapy. Chronic gastritis is the most common lesion detected in upper GI biopsies. Gastric carcinoma most commonly found in antrum.