Analysis of heterocyclic amines in hair by on-line in-tube solid-phase microextraction coupled with liquid chromatography−tandem mass spectrometry

Abstract

Mutagenic and carcinogenic heterocyclic amines (HCAs) are formed during heating of various proteinaceous foods, but human exposure to HCAs has not yet been elucidated in detail. To assess long-term exposure to HCAs, we developed a simple and sensitive method for measuring HCAs in hair by automated on-line in-tube solid-phase microextraction (SPME) coupled with liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). Using a Zorbax Eclipse XDB-C8 column, 16 HCAs were analyzed within 15min. The optimum in-tube SPME conditions were 20 draw/eject cycles of 40μL sample at a flow rate of 200μLmin−1 using a Supel-Q PLOT capillary column as an extraction device. The extracted HCAs were easily desorbed from the column by passage of the mobile phase, with no carryover observed. This in-tube SPME LC–MS/MS method showed good linearity for HCAs in the range of 10–2000pgmL−1, with correlation coefficients above 0.9989 (n=18), using stable isotope-labeled HCA internal standards. The detection limits (S/N=3) of 14 HCAs except for MeAαC and Glu-P-1 were 0.10–0.79pgmL−1. This method was successfully utilized to analyze 14 HCAs in hair samples without any interference peaks, with quantitative limits (S/N=10) of about 0.17–1.32pgmg−1 hair. Using this method, we evaluated the exposure to HCAs in cigarette smoke and the suitability of using hair HCAs as exposure biomarkers.