Analysis of Heavy Metals on Various Refilled Drinking Water Depots Circulated In Limapuluh Kota Regency, West Sumatera Province by Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) Methods

Abstract

Heavy metal pollution of drinking water has been a major problem in the worldwide. Indonesian National Standarditaion has set the limits for heavy metals contamination in mineral water and bottled drinking water. This study was designed as a cross-sectional field observational study conducted among six refilled drinking water depots and one bottled drinking water in Limapuluh Kota Regency, West Sumatra Province. This study aimed to analyze the levels of chemical contamination, especially heavy metal contamination, which were Mercury (Hg), Cadmium (Cd), Lead (Pb), Chopper (Cu), and Zinc (Zn). Metal contamination was analyzed in 6 drinking water depots and one bottled drinking water sample using Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) spectrophotometry method. The result shows that there are 24 metals contained in the sample. Five types of heavy metals are highly toxic: Hg, Cd, Pb, Cu, and Zn. Refilled drinking water depot samples studied in Harau District area were containing heavy metals that exceeded the standards set in SNI 01-3553-2006 state that 0.005 mg/L for Pb, max. 0.5 mg/L for Cu, max. 0.003 mg/L for Cd, max. 0.001 mg/L for Hg, and no content for Ag and Co. In the result were; Lead (Pb) in sample A (0.0079 mg/L), B (0.0103 mg/L), C (0.0070 mg/L), D (0.0061 mg/L), E (0.0094 mg/L), F and G (0.0073 mg/L); Cadmium (Cd) in sample A (0.0052 mg/L), C (0.0035 mg/L), D (0095 mg/L), E (0.0063 mg/L), F (0.0049 mg/L), and G (0.0059 mg/L). Only one water sample was still at allowed levels of contaminant Cd in sample water B (0.0025 mg/L). While, all samples contained excess Pb. Meanwhile, six water samples contaminated by Cd were within unacceptable limits. While metal contamination such as Hg (not available), Cu (0.0148-0.0038 mg/L), and Zn (0.0293-0.0643 mg/L) are still at the allowed levels.