Analysis of Heavy Metals Contamination and Quality Parameters of Groundwater in Ihetutu, Ishiagu

Abstract

The levels of some quality parameters and heavy metals in groundwater in Ihetutu minefield of Ishiagu were analyzed in four seasons (rainy, late rainy, dry, and late dry), in order to evaluate the deterioration of the groundwater qualities in the area. Samples were collected from dug-wells and underground water platforms, and analyzed using standard procedures, for their physico-chemical properties and heavy metals levels. Ranges of mean values of results obtained were; pH = 7.46-7.67, EC = 251.25-662.00 µS/cm, alkalinity = 11.88-26.28 mg/L, TDS = 136.50-333.50 mg/L, TH = 13.90-25.15 mg/L, Cl- = 39.75-79.00 mg/L, Cu = 0.14-0.27 mg/L, Zn = 0.00-0.74 mg/L, Fe = 1.86-3.52 mg/L, Mn = 0.10-0.54 mg/L, Pb = 0.00-0.42 mg/L. Mean concentrations obtained were found to be mostly within standard guidelines/limits but were above control levels in most cases, giving an indication of deterioration of the groundwater qualities in the area. Seasonal variations of most parameters, including the heavy metals were in the order of LDS>DRS>LRS>RNS. Heavy metals mean concentrations also trended in the order of Fe>Zn>Pb>Mn>Cu. Correlations among heavy metals were all positive, with the strongest between Cu and Pb (r = 0.921) while the least was between Cu and Mn (r = 0.176). ANOVA showed no statistically significant differences among sampling stations in study area, as p-values (0.757) was higher than the significance level (α=0.05). Comparison of the results with control values, indicated cases of deterioration of the groundwater in the study area, and a confirmation that the groundwater resources in the area have been adversely affected by wastes and discharges from the mining activities and several other sources.