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Abstract
In response to the heat load requirements of the high-thrust liquid rocket engine, a light-weight lattice structure is used to fill traditional a heat exchanger. A parameterized model library of the lattice structure is established, and the relative density of the lattice structure is adjusted by changing the unit cell structure parameters to obtain different filling structures. A comprehensive comparison of heat exchangers with different filling structures performed in terms of weight, heat transfer efficiency, and turbulence intensity. Using the finite difference method, the numerical calculation of the non-steady heat–fluid–solid coupling conjugate heat transfer of the eight-lattice structure is performed, and the dynamic heat transfer process between the lattice structure and liquid oxygen is simulated using the VOF model and the SST k-ω model. The results show that the pressure of the fluid in the heat exchanger increases with increasing relative density, leading to a high outlet temperature and greatly increasing the outlet velocity. The support trusses close to the wall obviously hinder the flow of liquid oxygen, resulting in a sudden change in the flow rate behind the support trusses, driving the high-temperature fluid at the bottom to move upwards. The direction of the support trusses and the unit cell porosity have a greater impact on the liquid oxygen flow rate, which in turn affects the flow and heat transfer performance of the heat exchanger. In consideration of the heat load requirements of the heat exchanger, star-type lattices are used to fill the heat exchanger. When the flow is fully developed, the volume ratio of the heated fluid is 85.60%, and the outlet temperature is 390 K, which meets the design requirements.
Highlights
The heat exchanger is one of the key components of liquid rocket engines
Romvonge et al [17] conducted a numerical study on a square-section heat exchanger with two angle baffles (45◦ and 90◦ ), and the results showed that the heat exchanger with a baffle angle of 45◦ had better heat transfer performance
To increase the outlet steam temperature of the engine heat exchanger, the vof method is used to track the gas–liquid interface, and the nonlinear changes in the physical parameters of the wall are considered in the calculation process, and the flow heat transfer analysis results are calculated by thermal indirect structure coupling
Summary
The heat exchanger is one of the key components of liquid rocket engines. Its main function is to allow full heat exchange between liquid oxygen and high-temperature fuel gas, resulting in the evaporation of the liquid oxygen into gas oxygen, which enters the storage tank of the rocket oxidizer under the effects of pressure to provide a stable supply of propellant for the engine; the efficiency of the heat exchanger is one of the key factors affecting the performance of the engine [1,2,3]. K et al [13,14] studied the heat transfer characteristics and stress distribution of heat exchangers with different fin lengths, numbers and other geometric parameters under low-temperature conditions. The lattice structure is a new type of ultra-light ordered porous material, which has the characteristics of small volume, large heat transfer area and high heat transfer efficiency. Using the lattice structure as the filling material for the inner fluid causes the heat exchanger to have obvious structural characteristics, which can reduce the weight of the heat exchanger, and increase the heat exchange area. The multi-flow model is used to calculate the dynamic heat transfer process of liquid oxygen in heat exchangers with different flow channel structures, and the internal mechanism of using a lattice structure to enhance heat transfer efficiency is revealed
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