Abstract
In this paper, the graphic representation method is used to study the multiple characteristics of heart sounds from a resting state to a state of motion based on single- and four-channel heart-sound signals. Based on the concept of integration, we explore the representation method of heart sound and blood pressure during motion. To develop a single- and four-channel heart-sound collector, we propose new concepts such as a sound-direction vector of heart sound, a motion–response curve of heart sound, the difference value, and a state-change-trend diagram. Based on the acoustic principle, the reasons for the differences between multiple-channel heart-sound signals are analyzed. Through a comparative analysis of four-channel motion and resting-heart sounds, from a resting state to a state of motion, the maximum and minimum similarity distances in the corresponding state-change-trend graphs were found to be 0.0038 and 0.0006, respectively. In addition, we provide several characteristic parameters that are both sensitive (such as heart sound amplitude, blood pressure, systolic duration, and diastolic duration) and insensitive (such as sound-direction vector, state-change-trend diagram, and difference value) to motion, thus providing a new technique for the diverse analysis of heart sounds in motion.
Highlights
The heart-sound signal is one of the most important physiological signals in the human body
In the present paper, using graphic representations, we studied the effects of motion on the characteristics of heart sounds
In the present paper, using graphic representations, we studied the effects of mot on the characteristics of heart sounds
Summary
The heart-sound signal is one of the most important physiological signals in the human body. Z. et al believed that the amplitude ratio of the first heart sound to the second heart sound reflected the relationship between cardiac contractile force and peripheral resistance and that exercise heart sound could be used to analyze cardiac reserve characteristics. In order to expand the characterization methods of heart sounds during motion and to explore new techniques for analyzing heart sounds during motion, it is necessary to conduct in-depth research on the characteristics of heart sounds under a motion state from multiple perspectives. Based on the idea of integration, we explored a multi-characteristic-representation method for studying the motion of heart sounds Several new concepts, such as the direction vectors of sounds, the motion–response curves of heart sounds, the difference value, and trend diagrams of status changes, are proposed. The above research provides a new technique for analyzing the diverse characteristics of heart sounds under a state of motion
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