Analysis of hearing preservation after endolymphatic mastoid sac surgery for Meniere's disease

Abstract

Comparison of audiometric outcomes between patients with definite Meniere's disease who underwent endolymphatic mastoid sac surgery (EMSS) following failed medical therapy and patients who underwent medical therapy only. Retrospective chart review of 456 consecutive patients between 1997 and 2006. Outcome measures were changes in pure-tone average (PTA), word recognition score (WRS), and speech reception threshold (SRT). Of 58 qualified patients, 29 who underwent EMSS after failing medical therapy showed a 4 dB decrease in PTA, a 2% increase in WRS, and a 2 dB decrease in SRT. Twenty-nine patients treated with medical therapy only demonstrated a 1 dB PTA increase, 2% WRS improvement, and 2 dB SRT improvement. No significant difference was noted between the medically and surgically managed patients in terms of changes in PTA (P = .34) or WRS (P = .95) after treatment. Of all patients in the study, 60% had no clinically significant change in hearing, whereas 24% improved and 16% worsened. The distribution of post-treatment hearing changes between the medical and surgical groups was statistically insignificant (P = .17). The changes in PTA and WRS among patients with Meniere's disease managed with medical therapy or EMSS were not statistically significant. Although performing EMSS to treat the vertigo of Meniere's disease does not appear to be associated with an increased risk of deteriorating auditory function after treatment, surgery also does not confer an increased likelihood of stabilizing or improving hearing.