Analysis of Harmful Exhaust Gas Concentrations in Cloud behind a Vehicle with a Spark Ignition Engine

Łukasz Rymaniak,Michalina Kamińska,Rafał Grzeszczyk,Natalia Szymlet

doi:10.3390/en14061769

Abstract

The article presents issues related to the assessment of concentrations of harmful substances in the exhaust gas cloud behind the vehicle. In the theoretical part, considerations about the harmfulness of exhaust gases and methods of detection of chemical compounds were made, and the issues of von Karman vortices and the Lambert-Beer law were referred to. The test object was a vehicle equipped with an SI engine meeting the Euro 3 standard. The drive unit had a capacity of 2.8 dm3, a rated power reaching 142 kW at 5500 rpm and a maximum torque of 280 Nm at 3500 rpm. The measurements of the dilution of the exhaust gas cloud behind the vehicle were made in stationary conditions (laboratory) and during actual operation in the Poznań agglomeration. In the research, technically advanced equipment from the PEMS group was used. In the analysis of the obtained results, detailed considerations were made regarding the influence of the location of the measuring probe in relation to the exhaust system. As can be seen from the obtained dependencies, the vehicle motion is favorable for the assessment of concentrations behind a moving object, because the ecological indicators at successive distances behind the exhaust system achieve better parameters in most points than in a stationary test.

Highlights

Air pollution is one of the leading causes of global health problems
From the studies of the relative exhaust gas dispersion behind the vehicle, it is apparent that vehicle movement is beneficial in the assessment of exhaust gas concentrations behind a moving vehicle, because the measured emission values at successive distances behind the exhaust system in most points achieve better parameters than in stationary tests
The obtained test results were used in the simulation of exhaust gas dispersion behind vehicles with various body types in the ANSYS FLUENT software

Summary

Introduction

Air pollution is one of the leading causes of global health problems. Nine out of ten people breathe polluted air, which causes premature deaths of more than 4 million people each year. Old and wornout cars constitute a significant portion of vehicles and machines equipped with internal combustion engines. The vast majority of propulsion systems are still internal combustion engines. Within their development, many advanced works related to the improvement of the combustion process are carried out, including improvement of the fuel injection process, including DI [2,3] and optimization of EGR parameters [4]. The aspect of fuels is important, which has been broadly presented in the literature [5,6,7]

Objectives

Methods

Findings

Conclusion