Abstract
Although Kazakhstan is a fossil fuel rich country, there is a strong desire by policymakers to develop a green and sustainable economy and contribute to the global energy transition. To understand the overall situation in green technology development in industrial sector, we conducted the first countrywide study in Kazakhstan. In this paper, we present the results of the large survey on the use of ‘green technologies’ by industrial companies in every region of the country. We aggregate the 380 reported cases of the use of green technologies by sectors, like energy production, waste management, and some others. We found that the largest number of cases is accumulated in the waste management sector, the smallest, in green building construction. Our work shows that only 266 out of 877 (~30%) industrial organizations in Kazakhstan utilize some form of green technologies. Based on detailed analysis of 141 organizations, Karagandy, East Kazakhstan, Aktobe, and Atyrau regions reported the largest number applications of green technologies among the 17 administrative-territorial units of Kazakhstan. We also discuss barriers to the diffusion of clean technologies. We believe that this work will be of interest to politicians, environmentalists, and practitioners who are concerned about the impacts of global warming.
Highlights
Global warming is one of the most important problems facing the world today
In the permitting system, emission limit values for enterprises are determined based on compliance of concentration levels with environmental quality standards rather than emission limits that an industry could achieve when applying the best available techniques (BAT) (OECD: Addressing Industrial Air Pollution in Kazakhstan, 2019);
Enterprises in Kazakhstan obtain emission limit values based on the highest level of emissions measured during the maximum production output
Summary
Global warming is one of the most important problems facing the world today. The impacts of “Global Warming of 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels” (IPCC Report, 2018) have been discussed thoroughly in the literature. (González-Mahecha et al, 2019) estimate that up to 16% of active power plants in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) should be closed to meet carbon budgets. The existing coal-fired power plants are getting old (retirement); on the other hand, the electricity consumption (demand) is increasing worldwide. It is important to develop attractive tax credits for investors to make clean technologies more competitive economically. Examples of green (or, clean, sustainable) technologies include more efficient reduction of CO2 emissions (by 20-25%) and energy consumption (by 18-31%) in metallurgical plants through electrolysis (Dudin et al, 2017), and a better use of energy (Sheppard and Rahimifard, 2019) and production packaging (Joachimiak-Lechman et al, 2019) in food manufacturing. There are many approaches for reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and developing a sustainable future, but ambitious climate goals need the active involvement of governmental policymakers
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