Abstract
Recently Panax ginseng has been grown as a secondary crop under a pine tree canopy in New Zealand (NZ). The aim of the study is to compare the average content of ginsenosides from NZ-grown ginseng and its original native locations (China and Korea) grown ginseng. Ten batches of NZ-grown ginseng were extracted using 70% methanol and analyzed using LC-MS/MS. The average content of ginsenosides from China and Korea grown ginseng were obtained by collecting data from 30 and 17 publications featuring China and Korea grown ginseng, respectively. The average content of total ginsenosides in NZ-grown ginseng was 40.06 ± 3.21 mg/g (n = 14), which showed significantly (p < 0.05) higher concentration than that of China grown ginseng (16.48 ± 1.24 mg/g, n = 113) and Korea grown ginseng (21.05 ± 1.57 mg/g, n = 106). For the individual ginsenosides, except for the ginsenosides Rb2, Rc, and Rd, ginsenosides Rb1, Re, Rf, and Rg1 from NZ-grown ginseng were 2.22, 2.91, 1.65, and 1.27 times higher than that of ginseng grown in China, respectively. Ginsenosides Re and Rg1 in NZ-grown ginseng were also 2.14 and 1.63 times higher than ginseng grown in Korea. From the accumulation of ginsenosides, New Zealand volcanic pumice soil may be more suitable for ginseng growth than its place of origin.
Highlights
Panax ginseng, as one of the most important medicinal plant, root was used for first aid, health care, and the treatment of coma, gastrointestinal disease, and cardiovascular disease in ancient China [1].Pharmacological studies found ginseng possesses diverse bioactive effects, such as anti-aging, anti-stress, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, and anti-diabetes [2]
In order to compare with China and Korea grown ginseng, the data from Table 1 and Follett’s publication [12] are used to calculate the average content of ginsenosides of New Zealand (NZ)-grown ginseng
In order to obtain the average content of ginsenosides from China grown ginseng and Korea grown ginseng, we searched the scientific literature for ginsenosides analysis from ginseng grown in
Summary
As one of the most important medicinal plant, root was used for first aid, health care, and the treatment of coma, gastrointestinal disease, and cardiovascular disease in ancient China [1]. Pharmacological studies found ginseng possesses diverse bioactive effects, such as anti-aging, anti-stress, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, and anti-diabetes [2]. It has a beneficial impact on brain function, liver function, immune function, and sexual function [3]. Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rd, Re, Rg1 (chemical structures are shown in Figure 1) are the most abundant and are usually regarded as the main ginsenosides. NZ-grown ginseng showed abundant ginsenosides in the the UV rays, and open-wild environment. NZ-grown ginseng showed abundant ginsenosides in underground parts parts We analyzed the amount of ginsenosides in different batches of ginseng grown in China and Korea, we analyzed the amount of ginsenosides in different batches of ginseng grown in and compared it toit published data. To ourthis knowledge, is focusing the first on article focusingcontent on ginsenoside in different regions
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