Analysis of Genetic Potential of Banyuwangi Local Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Based on Relative Expression of Homogentisate Geranylgeranyl Transferase (HGGT) and Granule-Bound Starch Synthase I (GBSSI) Gene

Delia Wahyu Pangesti,Annasa Sabatia,Sunarmi Sunarmi,Tita Putri Milasari,Dyati Galuh Pratita,Elhah Nailul Khasna,Evi Susanti,Dwi Listyorini,Suharti Suharti

doi:10.4308/hjb.28.2.181

Delia Wahyu Pangesti, Annasa Sabatia + Show 7 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.4308/hjb.28.2.181

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Abstract

Rice nutrition including vitamin and amylose contents become important aspect for many people around the world. Rice with high amylose content (low glycemic index) is good for those with Diabetes mellitus. Tocotrienol, one precursor of Vitamin-E biosynthesis is catalyzed by enzymes encoded HGGT, while amylose biosynthesis is catalyzed by enzymes encoded GBSSI. The objective of this study was to find rice varieties with high tocotrienol and/or amylose content based on the expression of HGGT and GBSSI among eight Banyuwangi local rice varieties. Relative expression of HGGT and GBSSI was measured by qRT-PCR and analyzed using 2ΔCt method. Statistical analysis resulted in the significantly different of HGGT and GBSSI relative expression among samples. Relative expression of HGGT from the highest to the lowest were demonstrated by Hitam Melik, Hitam Pekat, Blambangan A3, Merah Bali, Blambangan A2, Berlian, Janur Kuning, and SOJ A3, respectively; while relative expression of GBSSI from the highest to the lowest were demonstrated by Hitam Melik, Hitam Pekat, SOJ A3, Janur Kuning, Berlian, Merah Bali, Blambangan A3, and Blambangan A2, respectively. Based on this research we conclude that Hitam Melik potentially produces higher tocotrienol and lower glycemic index than other studied varieties.

Highlights

Rice, one of the food crops, is consumed by more than half of world’s population, especially in Asia (Milovanovic and Smutka 2017)
Tocotrienol, one precursor of Vitamin-E biosynthesis is catalyzed by enzymes encoded homogentisate geranylgeranyl transferase (HGGT), while amylose biosynthesis is catalyzed by enzymes encoded Granule Bound Starch Synthase I (GBSSI)
The objective of this study was to find rice varieties with high tocotrienol and/or amylose content based on the expression of HGGT and GBSSI among eight Banyuwangi local rice varieties

Summary

Introduction

One of the food crops, is consumed by more than half of world’s population, especially in Asia (Milovanovic and Smutka 2017). Rice has been developed in Indonesia, even several local rice varieties have been identified and registered officially, including Hitam Melik, Hitam Pekat, Blambangan A3, Merah Bali, Blambangan A2, Berlian, Janur Kuning, and Sunrise of Java A3. Nutritional quality of rice needs to be considered, such as the content of tocotrienols acting as strong antioxidants (Wang et al 2018) and amylose affecting the rice glycemic index (Pandey et al 2012). Rice has different levels of tocotrienol in each variety (Dian et al 2018). Rice which has low glycemic index is good for health (Pandey et al 2012). Rice with low glycemic index is characterized by a higher percentage of amylose than amylopectin (Denardin et al 2012; Jeevetha et al 2014). Amylose biosynthesis involves Granule Bound Starch Synthase I (GBSSI) that encode

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