Abstract
Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) causes bacterial leaf blight on rice plants, which is responsible for crop failure, resulting in economic losses. Control of Xoo bacteria can be accomplished through the use of Xoo-resistant rice varieties. Due to the shifting genetic structure and environmental conditions of Xoo bacteria, it is difficult to identify them according to their pathotype. This study aims to determine the genetic diversity of Xoo bacteria using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method and the IS1112-based RAPD marker, which is known to contain repetitive sequences. DNA was isolated from 52 isolates collected from 15 districts and cities in North Sumatra province and then used to amplify the IS1112 sequence. Dendrogram analysis revealed that cluster analysis of PCR findings classified isolates into 15 groups with a 90% similarity value. Genetic variation among Xoo isolates from North Sumatra ranged between 51% and 100%. North Sumatra Xoo isolates exhibited a high degree of genetic diversity. This findings can be used as a resource for future management of the Xoo bacteria by expediting disease-resistant rice breeding projects in various rice producing countries.
Highlights
Bacterial leaf blight is caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), a rice plant pathogen that has been widely reported to have spread throughout south-east Asia, including Indonesia (Suryadi et al, 2016; Patil et al, 2017; Joshi et al, 2020), Northern Australia (Islam et al, 2016), Africa (Joshi et al, 2020), America, the Caribbean islands, and various other regions throughout the world (Khan et al, 2014; Islam et al, 2016)
This study aims to determine the genetic diversity of Xoo isolates from North Sumatra, using the IS1112-based RAPD polymerase chain reaction (PCR) approach
The PCR result with Xoo2976 primer was declared as X. oryzae pv. oryzae if the DNA band was positioned at 337 bp
Summary
Bacterial leaf blight is caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), a rice plant pathogen that has been widely reported to have spread throughout south-east Asia, including Indonesia (Suryadi et al, 2016; Patil et al, 2017; Joshi et al, 2020), Northern Australia (Islam et al, 2016), Africa (Joshi et al, 2020), America, the Caribbean islands, and various other regions throughout the world (Khan et al, 2014; Islam et al, 2016). Oryzae (Xoo), a rice plant pathogen that has been widely reported to have spread throughout south-east Asia, including Indonesia (Suryadi et al, 2016; Patil et al, 2017; Joshi et al, 2020), Northern Australia (Islam et al, 2016), Africa (Joshi et al, 2020), America, the Caribbean islands, and various other regions throughout the world (Khan et al, 2014; Islam et al, 2016). In Indonesia, this disease has spread to 28743 ha of rice fields, whereas bacterial leaf blight has infected 1918 ha of rice fields in North Sumatra (Kementerian Pertanian, 2021). Infected rice plants exhibit yellow leaves that wither over time during the seedling stage. When a malignant Xoo strain is present, the lesions grow rotten and the leaves develop yellow to white water-soaked stripes and dark patches (Khan et al, 2014; Verma et al, 2019)
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