Abstract
BackgroundIn recent years, heated tobacco products (HTPs), which are widely used in Japan, have been sold by various brands using additives such as flavors. It has been reported that the components of mainstream smoke are different from those of conventional cigarettes. In this study, we established an analytical method for furans and pyridines in the mainstream smoke, which are characteristic of HTPs and particularly harmful among the generated components, and investigated the amount of component to which the smokers are exposed.MethodsWe established a simple analytical method for simultaneous analysis of gaseous and particulate compounds in the mainstream smoke of HTPs (IQOS, glo, ploom S) in Japan by combining a sorbent cartridge and glass fiber filter (Cambridge filter pad (CFP)). Both the sorbent cartridge and CFP were extracted using 2-propanol and analyzed via GC-MS/MS to determine the concentration of furans and pyridines generated from each HTP.ResultsThe results showed that the levels of target furans such as furfural, 2-furanmethanol, 2(5H)-furanone, and 5-methylfurfural tended to be higher in the mainstream smoke of glo than in standard cigarettes (3R4F). Pyridine, which is generated at a high level in 3R4F as a combustion component, and 4-ethenylpyridine (EP), which is a known marker of environmental tobacco smoke, were detected. Among these components, 2-furanmethanol and pyridine are classified as Group 2B (possibly carcinogenic to humans) by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). Therefore, it is possible that they will contribute to the health effects caused by use of HTPs.ConclusionsUsing the new collection and analytical method for furans and pyridines in the mainstream smoke of HTPs, the level of each compound to which smokers are exposed could be clarified. By comprehensively combining information on the amount of ingredients and toxicity, it will be possible to perform a more detailed calculation of the health risks of using HTPs. In addition, the components detected in this study may be the causative substances of indoor pollution through exhaled smoke and sidestream smoke; therefore, environmental research on the chemicals generated from HTPs would be warranted in future studies.
Highlights
In recent years, heated tobacco products (HTPs), which are widely used in Japan, have been sold by various brands using additives such as flavors
2-furanmethanol and pyridine are classified as Group 2B by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)
The detection sensitivity was slightly different for each component and solvent, and most of the components were detected more sensitively by 2-propanol which has properties as a polar solvent because it has hydrogen bonding properties due to hydroxy groups, while it has properties as a non-polar solvent because it has an isopropyl group which is a hydrophobic group
Summary
In recent years, heated tobacco products (HTPs), which are widely used in Japan, have been sold by various brands using additives such as flavors. The main feature of this new type of cigarette is the reduced content of harmful compounds compared to that in other conventional cigarettes. As these products are available on the market, there are few epidemiological data on carcinogenicity, genotoxicity, and the like, and many unknown problems remain regarding toxicity and safety. Carcinogenic compounds such as tobaccospecific nitrosamines (TSNAs) [1] and carbonyl compounds [2], which are regulated by WHO, have been detected in the mainstream smoke of HTPs so far The concentration of these compounds was significantly reduced compared to that in cigarettes. Among the components detected in the mainstream smoke of HTPs, those with a concentration similar or higher than that in cigarettes have been detected [3]
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