Abstract
Increasing demands of eco-friendly vehicles, various types of hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) have been researched and released. Recently, some research has interest in not only the efficiency of the vehicle but also the durability of battery because the life of battery has influence on the cost of maintenance, stability and performance of the vehicle. In this study, backward simulation based on dynamic programming depending on the type of HEV which is consists of engine and battery or engine, battery and ultra-capacitor was conducted. The developed backward simulation algorithm can calculate the optimal fuel economy according to the driving cycle and other vehicle and components conditions. For the analysis of battery life, a battery capacity fade model was applied to the result of backward simulation. Battery life was estimated with an assumption that the vehicle drives repeatedly to follow the result of backward simulation derived to find the optimal fuel economy. From the simulation results, it is shown that HEV with ultra-capacitor has better fuel economy though it is almost similar with HEV without ultra-capacitor. However, the battery life of HEV with ultra-capacitor was estimated better because of the difference of battery power usage. Consequently, applying the ultra-capacitor to the typical parallel HEV has no large advantage in terms of fuel economy but has significant benefit in terms of battery life.
Highlights
Increasing of demands to the fuel-saving and environmental friendly vehicles, many types of hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) have been developed [1]
Backward simulation based on dynamic programming was done for the engine-battery HEV (HEV1) and engine-battery-ultracapacitor HEV (HEV2)
Because of the existence of the ultra-capacitor the fuel economy of HEV2 is better than HEV1
Summary
Increasing of demands to the fuel-saving and environmental friendly vehicles, many types of hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) have been developed [1]. Many of researchers have been developed various optimization strategies of HEV such as, dynamic programming [2], equivalent consumption minimization strategy [3] and Pontryagin's minimum principle [4] because the strategy to distribute the output power from many power sources is important to operate the vehicle efficiently. The optimization of engine-battery series HEV and engine-battery-ultracapacitor series HEV were conducted based on the dynamic programming (DP) [6]. In addition to the optimization, analysis of battery life was conducted based on the results of the optimization. The effect of the ultra-capacitor to the fuel economy and battery life was analysed
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