Abstract
Microgrids have received a lot of attention in the past few decades and researchers are evaluating the integration of renewable resources especially fuel cells to overcome the energy crisis. This review article aims to provide an in-depth analysis of fuel cells, including the technical complexities and challenges encountered in integration with microgrid systems. Additionally, it explores combined heat and power systems that leverage waste heat recovery. The findings indicated that the solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) have extensive applicability in various microgrid systems, including grid-connected, backup, and stand-alone setups. These systems can achieve an efficiency of 95% when combined with the heat and power technique. Electricity generation capacity can be attained up to 100 MW using SOFC-based microgrid systems and generates an average of 33.6 kWh utilizing 1-kg hydrogen. In conclusion, this article provides valuable insights for researchers related to the challenges and future directions in fuel cell integrated microgrids.
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