Analysis of Free Radicals in Biological Systems

Abstract

Mechanisms of oxidative stress.- Chemistry of dioxygen and its activated species.- Biological sources of reduced oxygen species.- Nitric oxide: Chemistry and biology.- Pro-oxidant and antioxidant effects of nitric oxide.- Oxidative damage to DNA.- Oxidation of low density lipoprotein (LDL) by cells.- Oxidative stress in clinical situation.- Free radicals and antioxidants in human diseases.- How to demonstrate the occurrence of an oxidative stress in human?.- New developments in ESP and spin-trapping.- EPR evidence of generation of superoxide anion radicals (O2*-) by irradiation of a PDT photosensitizer: Hypericin.- Nitrone spin traps as reagents for the study of oxidative modification of low density lipoproteins: Implications for atherosclerosis.- Ascorbate radical: A valuable marker of oxidative stress.- Determination of lipid peroxidation-derivated products.- Lipid hydroperoxide analysis by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with mercury cathode electrochemical detection.- Determination of primary and secondary lipid peroxidation products: Plasma lipid hydroperoxides and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances.- Measurement of low-density lipoprotein oxidation.- Evaluation of DNA damages.- Determination of 8-oxo-purines in DNA by HPLC using amperometric detection.- Measurement of one of the features of apoptosis: DNA fragmentation.- Measurement of plasma sulfhydryl and carbonyl groups as a possible indicator of protein oxidation.- Measurement of oxidized nucleobases and nucleosides in human urine by using a GC/MS assay in the selective ion monitoring mode.- Miscellaneous techniques.- Methodological and practical aspects for in vitro studies of oxidative stress on cell culture models (toxicity and protection).- Detection and production of nitric oxide.- Salicylate hydroxylation products assay as a marker of oxidative stress in man: A sensitive HPLC-electrochemical method.