Analysis of Four Delineation Methods to Identify Potential Management Zones in a Commercial Potato Field in Eastern Canada

Abdelkarim Lajili,Karem Chokmani,Isabelle Perron,Athyna N Cambouris,Bernie J Zebarth,Asim Biswas,Marc Duchemin,Viacheslav I Adamchuk

doi:10.3390/agronomy11030432

Abstract

Management zones (MZs) are delineated areas within an agricultural field with relatively homogenous soil properties, and therefore similar crop fertility requirements. Consequently, such MZs can often be used for site-specific management of crop production inputs. This study evaluated the effectiveness of four classification methods for delineating MZs in an 8-ha commercial potato field located in Prince Edward Island, Canada. The apparent electrical conductivity (ECa) at two depths from a commercial Veris sensor were used to delineate MZs using three classification methods without spatial constraints (i.e., fuzzy k-means, ISODATA and hierarchical) and one with spatial constraints (i.e., spatial segmentation method). Soil samples (0.0–0.15 m depth) from 104 sampling points was used to measure soil physical and chemical properties and their spatial variation in the field were used as reference data to evaluate four delineation methods. Significant Pearson correlations between ECa and soil properties were obtained (0.22 < r < 0.85). The variance reduction indicated that two to three MZs were optimal for representing the field’s spatial variability of soil properties. For two MZs, most soil physical and chemical properties differed significantly between MZs for all four delineation methods. For three MZs, there was greater discrimination among MZs for several soil properties for the spatial segmentation-based method compared with other delineation methods. Moreover, consideration of the spatial coordinates of the data improved the delineation of MZs and thereby increased the number of significant differences among MZs for individual soil properties. Therefore, the spatial segmentation method had the greatest efficiency in delineation of MZs from statistical and agronomic perspectives.

Highlights

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) production in eastern Canada is an important contributor to the economy, yet the widely adopted uniform crop input management leads to a reduction in productivity, sub-optimal use of resources and adverse impacts on the environment [1,2,3,4]
The coefficient of variation (CV) of the particle sizes ranged from 8% to 17% (Table 1)
For the case of delineation into three management zones (MZs), the spatial segmentation method proved more effective in capturing the spatial variation in soil physical and chemical properties compared with the other classification methods as indicated by more parameters which differed significantly among all three MZs

Summary

Introduction

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) production in eastern Canada is an important contributor to the economy, yet the widely adopted uniform crop input management leads to a reduction in productivity, sub-optimal use of resources and adverse impacts on the environment [1,2,3,4]. Galvanic contact resistivity proximal sensing instruments measuring apparent electrical conductivity (ECa) are commonly used to obtain high spatial density soil measurements that can be used for delineating MZs [7,13,15]. The effectiveness of this technology for characterizing spatial variability of soil properties, and for delineating MZs, had been demonstrated in eastern Canada [16,17]

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Conclusion