Abstract
Overvoltage and overcurrent in the middle voltage (MV) 22 kV and low voltage (LV) 0.4 kV distribution network with photovoltaic (PV) rooftop system of the Provincial Electricity Authority of Thailand (PEA) have been investigated in order to show that these unwanted situations are caused by the ferroresonance phenomenon. This information would be useful to improve a better solution for the system protection when PV rooftops are integrated into the PEA distribution system. The software tool, PSCAD/EMTDC is used to study the overvoltage at the high side of open-delta and open-wye distribution transformer- and overcurrent at the low side of distribution transformer linked to the grid system via three single-phase fuse cutouts. The ferroresonance phenomenon can be observed when the PV rooftop system is linked to the low voltage side of the distribution transformer via three single-phase fuse cutouts. The results show a good similarity with the results from the simulation of the MV side and LV side of distribution transformers. Finally, the physical phenomena described to the overvoltage, overcurrent, and the destruction of the distribution transformer and other apparatus in load customers will occur when the system consists of the PV rooftop source, capacitance in long transmission line, nonlinear distribution transformer with saturation characteristic and the usage of single-phase switching cutouts in the system.
Highlights
Ferroresonance is a special kind of resonance that occurs in the network with nonlinear elements, especially in transformers
The purpose of Case II is to consider the effect of ferroresonance that is caused by the cuts in the PV system at the interconnection transformers 500 kVA low voltage (LV) and suburban home sides
Because the installation of the PV systems grid connected in Thailand is preferred from a minimum of 1 kW, Table 3 shows that a 1 kW PV system can lead to ferroresonance phenomena in the distribution transformer
Summary
Ferroresonance is a special kind of resonance that occurs in the network with nonlinear elements, especially in transformers. When nonlinear inductance of the transformer core and the capacitance of the network are equal, ferroresonance happens. Ferroresonance the end users to produce electricity from renewable energy by themselves. According to the explosive growth of urbanization in Thailand, which increases every year (approximately 1.6 percent per year [17]), the usage of rooftop solar energy dramatically increased In contrast with this growth, the information about the end users that can produce electricity is not. The transformers and the power qualities [20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29] Based on these facts, the simulation-based study of the ferroresonance effects in the distribution.
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