Abstract
Experimental design methodology represents a powerful tool for the analysis and optimization of various processes. Immobilization of toxic substances by sorption onto low-cost materials gained a lot of attention in the last decade. Fundamental knowledge about sorption processes and their practical use can be improved by experimental planning and statistical analysis. In this study, the effects of initial metal concentration and pH, as well as the sorbent mass and particle size, on Cu(II) sorption by natural clinoptilolite were evaluated and compared. Full factorial experimental design at two levels was applied. Statistically significant factors were determined considering residual Cu(II) concentrations as a system response. The Pareto graphs of standardized effects, Main effect plots and Interaction plots were created using statistical software. Initial sorbate concentration, sorbent mass and their interaction were recognized as statistically significant, at 95 % confidence level. Main effect plot approved that sorbent mass increase and initial Cu(II) concentration decrease caused reduction of residual Cu(II) concentration in solution. On the other hand, the change of initial solution pH and sorbent particle size didn?t provoke significant response changes. Bearing in mind that pH is the factor with large effect on heavy metal sorption, insignificant influence of initial pH detected in this study can be explained by buffering properties of the applied clinoptilolite and relatively narrow pH range chosen in order to prevent sorbent dissolution on one side and sorbate precipitation on the other. By regression analysis, the mathematical model for process description was derived. The correlation between predicted and experimental values was high (R2>0.99). In the investigated ranges of parameters, the obtained empirical equation can be applied for the prediction of system response.
Highlights
Ova metodologija je našla primenu i u ispitivanju i optimizaciji različitih sorpcionih procesa, među kojima i sorpcije teških metala [2,3,4] i radionuklida [5,6] iz vodenih rastvora
Izračunati efekti i koeficijenti za rezidualnu koncentraciju Cu(II)-jona, kao odgovor sistema Table 3
In the investigated ranges of parameters, the obtained empirical equation can be applied for the prediction of system response
Summary
Zbog univerzalnog pristupa u postavci eksperimenta i statističkoj obradi rezultata, primena eksperimentalnog dizajna u svim granama nauke značajno raste poslednjih dvadeset godina. Ova metodologija je našla primenu i u ispitivanju i optimizaciji različitih sorpcionih procesa, među kojima i sorpcije teških metala [2,3,4] i radionuklida [5,6] iz vodenih rastvora. U prethodno publikovanim radovima, ispitivana je ravnoteža sorpcije Cu(II)-jona zeolitom, u funkciji početne pH vrednosti rastvora i koncentracije metala u rastvoru [11], kao i kinetika procesa u šaržnom sistemu [12]. Kao nezavisne promenljive posmatrane su početna pH vrednost rastvora, početna koncentracija jona metala, masa i granulacija sorbenta, a kao odgovor sistema koncentracija jona Cu(II) u rastvoru nakon sorpcije. M.Z. ŠLJIVIĆ-IVANOVIĆ i sar.: SORPCIJA Cu(II)-JONA KLINOPTILOLITOM kata procesnih varijabila na sorpciju zeolitom, kao i definisanje matematičkog modela koji daje vezu između faktora i odgovora sistema
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