Analysis of factors associated with the incidence of neonatal asphyxia in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and perinatology unit in Wangaya Regional General Hospital

Abstract

Background: Neonatal asphyxia is the second leading cause of neonatal death in Indonesia. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), neonatal asphyxia is the failure of neonates to begin and maintain normal breathing. Neonatal asphyxia can be caused by several factors, namely neonatal, maternal, placental, and delivery factors. This study is aimed to describe the factors associated with the incidence of neonatal asphyxia in Wangaya General Hospital.Methods: This study used an analytical method with a cross-sectional design. Data for the study were obtained from medical records. Study samples were selected using a simple random sampling technique, and the number of samples included was 170 neonates. The dependent variable was neonatal asphyxia, while the independent variables were preterm gestation, low birth weight baby, premature rupture of membrane, and delivery requiring the procedure. Data were analyzed with bivariate and multivariate analysis on SPSS.Results: The risk factors that showed association with neonatal asphyxia were preterm gestation (p=0.000; PR= 6.87; 95% CI: 3.19-14.79), low birth weight (p=0.000; PR=9.55; 95% CI 4.14-22.01), and premature rupture of membrane (p=0.002; PR=3.06; 95% CI: 1.48-6.3). while delivery requiring procedure was found to have no significant association with neonatal asphyxia (p=0.219, PR=0.64; 95% CI: 0.31-1.31). On multivariate analysis, it was found that preterm gestation, low birth weight, and premature rupture of membrane all showed significant association with neonatal asphyxia.Conclusion: There was a significant association between preterm gestation, low birth weight, and premature rupture of the membrane with neonatal asphyxia in Wangaya Regional General Hospital.