Abstract

We study external quantum efficiency (ηEQE) roll-off in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) using thermally-activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) of 4,5-di (9H-carbazol-9-yl) phthalonitrile (2CzPN). Using 2CzPN intramolecular rate constants from optical analyses, we construct an exciton quenching model incorporating intersystem crossing and reverse intersystem crossing. The model indicates that singlet–triplet annihilation and triplet–triplet annihilation dominate ηEQE roll-off because of the relatively long 2CzPN triplet lifetime of 273μs. This work yields a method to relax the exciton quenching process in TADF based OLEDs.

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