Abstract
The aim of this paper is to discuss the coopetition (cooperative competition) relationship between a manufacturer and a collector in the collection of waste mobile phones (WMPs) and examine the evolution mechanism and the internal reward-penalty mechanism (RPM) for their collection strategies. A coopetition evolutionary game model based on evolutionary game theory was developed to obtain their common and evolutional collection strategies. The pure-strategy Nash equilibriums of this model were obtained which showed their collection strategy choices of perfect competition or cooperation. The mixed strategy Nash equilibrium was obtained which revealed evolution trends and laws. In addition, the optimal RPM was obtained in the sensitivity analysis of related parameters. The example of WMPs in China was taken to examine the simulation of the RPM. Results show that (i) although the manufacturer and the collector may change their strategies of cooperation and competition over time, cooperation is their best choice to increase payoffs; (ii) the optimal RPM is beneficial to propel their cooperation tendency and then to increase their payoffs.
Highlights
Mobile phones have become essential parts of daily life and the most commonly manufactured electronic equipment [1]
The generation of waste mobile phones (WMPs) is huge and they have become an environmental problem as a part of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE)
WEEE management has been implemented in developed countries since 2000 [7,8,9], and many compulsory laws and directives such as the EU Directive on WEEE (2002/96/EC) [10], its revised version (2008/34/EC) [11], and the newest one (2012/19/EU) [12] have been enacted based on extended producer responsibility (EPR) principles
Summary
Mobile phones have become essential parts of daily life and the most commonly manufactured electronic equipment [1]. One of main reasons why they engage in e-waste collection is to recapture the value of the recycled materials and end-of-life products [21] Their coopetition (cooperative competition) relationship continues throughout the whole game process, and they adjust with each other’s strategy according to opponent’s responses and their own payoffs. This paper exploits the EGT to discuss the coopetition relationship between a manufacturer and a collector in the collection and to examine the evolution mechanism and the optimal RPM for their collection strategies. Their strategy changes, evolution trends, and payoff fluctuations have been thoroughly studied, which is rare in other literature. List of acronyms in this paper is shown in Appendix A
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