Abstract
The objective of the study was to analyze the surface area (SA) of the wear caused by simulated chewing on human enamel and opposing restorative material, namely: composite resin (CR), porcelain fused to metal (PFM), lithium disilicate (LD), or monolithic zirconia (MZr). Forty-eight premolars were selected as enamel specimens and divided randomly into 4 groups (n = 48; n =12) used as antagonists in chewing simulation (250,000 loading cycles) against one of the four selected test materials. Enamel and material specimens were scanned and evaluated under digital microscope, and wear SA (mm2) were recorded. Descriptive statistics, paired t-test, one-way ANOVA, and post-hoc Tukey-HSD tests were used for statistics (p < 0.05). The smallest and largest SA were exhibited by enamel against LD (0.80 mm2) and PFM (1.74 mm2), respectively. PFM (3.48 mm2) showed the largest SA and CR (2.28 mm2) showed the smallest SA. Paired t-test for SA values showed significant difference (p < 0.05) in all wear comparisons between materials and enamel antagonists. The wear of materials were greater than that of their respective enamel antagonists (p < 0.05). One-way ANOVA of the logarithmic means of wear SA revealed significant differences (P<0.05). Post-hoc Tukey test revealed significance for PFM (p < 0.05) with other materials. Wear of all test materials was greater compared to the wear of enamel antagonists. PFM and LD caused the largest and the smallest enamel wear, respectively. CR, LD, and MZr are more resistant than PFM to wear after simulated chewing against enamel.
Highlights
Tooth wear is an irreversible process of tooth surface loss having multifactorial etiologies
Advances in current technology have enabled simulation of the human chewing cycle in a laboratory using specific loads and frictional forces exerted by a chewing simulator and determination of the surface profile of worn materials by using advanced digital scanning methods.[15,16,17,18]. The aim of this in vitro research study was to investigate and compare the surface area (SA) of wear facets caused by simulated chewing on human enamel and on opposing restorative materials, namely: composite resin (CR), porcelain fused to metal (PFM), lithium disilicate (LD), and monolithic zirconia (MZr)
Among the overall mean SA values of the tested enamel, the least wear was found for enamel specimens tested against LD (0.80 ± 0.54mm2) and highest wear was found for enamel against PFM (1.74 ± 0.66mm2)
Summary
Tooth wear is an irreversible process of tooth surface loss having multifactorial etiologies. Many researchers have studied its associations with age, gender, bite force, bruxism, craniofacial morphology, mouth breathing, and malocclusion. It is a common multifactorial phenomenon resulting from direct contact between teeth, restorations, or prostheses during mastication or para-functional habits, effects of abrasive substances, or effects of acids from various sources. The condition progresses rapidly if the etiological factors are not identified and addressed promptly.[1] Tooth wear is becoming an ever-increasing problem as more natural teeth are retained in old age and is likely to continue increasing as patients’ demands and expectations rise. The condition causes a myriad of clinical problems including enamel and dentin loss, hypersensitivity, loss of
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