Analysis of Electrooculogram in Detecting Eye Movements Associated with Brain Injury

Abstract

Electrooculogram (EOG) has been a valuable clinical neurophysiology tool in the past five decades of the twentieth century. It facilitated understanding more about eye movement, which is clinically useful in identifying the neural substrate disrupted due to brain injuries. This is vital since accurate measurement of neural injuries has a direct bearing on a patient’s life. A number of neurological investigations, including neurological assessment and diagnosis, are done based on measuring eye movements. This essay focuses on using EOG technology and its benefits in identifying limitations of using physiological indices in individuals because of measurable ocular pathophysiological parameters. In the current essay, the major objective will be to discuss the EOG features, the EOG record in healthy individuals, and the relationship of EOG recordings to affected individuals following a neurological event. The eye-integrated EOG recorded from the front part of the face measures eye position change and shows an exponential decay of voltage due to its design, eye physiology, and the removal of corneal function slowly from the corneal electrode. This makes it the best choice to provide an eye position record with high accuracy that can be made available easily for clinicians. The rapid recordings obtained using transcranial electromagnetic stimulation could demonstrate that EOG has the potential to provide high pre-surgical planning utilities for brain tumor removal. This technology is also best for identifying physiological variability within an individual; the same concept can be extended to study brain injuries that trigger physiological changes in eye muscles. In effect, it potentially becomes a tool for personalized care wherein severity estimation for brain injuries would be based on measuring ocular function rather than the nature of the injury. Given its clinical potential, the present essay will review EOG technologies to assess eye pixel movement, its potential for clinical evaluation, physiological basis, and the research evidence regarding changes in EOG in affected individuals with brain injury. In this essay, the long-lasting and short-lasting EOG changes are presented as case studies of individuals diagnosed with PTA, hence demonstrating its clinical utility.