Abstract
Electric vehicles (EV) are proposed as a measure to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in transport and support increased wind power penetration across modern power systems. Optimal benefits can only be achieved, if EVs are deployed effectively, so that the exhaust emissions are not substituted by additional emissions in the electricity sector, which can be implemented using Smart Grid controls. This research presents the results of an EV roll-out in the all island grid (AIG) in Ireland using the long term generation expansion planning model called the Wien Automatic System Planning IV (WASP-IV) tool to measure carbon dioxide emissions and changes in total energy. The model incorporates all generators and operational requirements while meeting environmental emissions, fuel availability and generator operational and maintenance constraints to optimize economic dispatch and unit commitment power dispatch. In the study three distinct scenarios are investigated base case, peak and off-peak charging to simulate the impacts of EV’s in the AIG up to 2025.
Highlights
The drive is on to deploy electric vehicles (EV), especially as the new mode of private vehicular transport in urban areas
The definition in energy terms is that 1 toe = 11.63 Mega Watt hours (MWh) = 1.163 9 10-2 GWh), of which 42% is renewable, which equates to 97.65 ktoe when the 2.5 weighting is applied in accordance with Directive 2009/28/ EC
The difference in CO2 emissions between the baseline case, without plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) charging and with PHEVs charging for both the peak and off-peak scenarios is 598 kilotonne of CO2 and 375 ktCO2, respectively in 2020
Summary
The drive is on to deploy electric vehicles (EV), especially as the new mode of private vehicular transport in urban areas. There are a number of economic and environmental benefits to introducing EVs, including reduced oil consumption and dependency, new research and development and associated job opportunities, a reduction in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, a reduction in localized noise levels and a reduction in localized air pollution from other pollutants such as particulate matter (PM10). These pollutants are linked to global warming, localized air pollution and deterioration in the quality of human health. As detailed by [8], many different methods are being used to examine EV battery charging
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