Analysis of eight different methods for the detection of Helicobacter pylori infection in patients with dyspepsia

Abstract

The present study was designed to compare the accuracy of eight different methods for the detection of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection in patients with dyspepsia. These tests included culture, histology, rapid urease test (CLO test), serology, saliva IgA, gastric juice IgA, and two in-house methods, namely in-house urease test and Gram stain. H. pylori infection was diagnosed prospectively in 200 untreated patients who underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy at King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand, between July 1999 and August 2001. The gold standard for H. pylori infection was based on a positive culture or both a positive histological examination and CLO test. The culture provided a sensitivity of 55.9% whereas saliva IgA and gastric juice IgA had a sensitivity of 26.8% and 22.2%, respectively. In contrast, the other tests provided satisfactory sensitivities ranging between 89.3% and 100% (Gram stain 89.3%, histology 93.5%, serology 96.8%, CLO test 99.0%, in-house urease test 100%). The specificities of the tests ranged between 75% and 100% (culture 100%, CLO test 91.9%, histology 90.4%, in-house urease test 88.9%, Gram stain 93.5% serology 96.8%, gastric juice IgA 91.7% and saliva IgA 75%). Majority of invasive and non-invasive tests in this study were accurate for the diagnosis of H. pylori infection. However, the secretory IgA-based techniques in saliva and gastric juice seem to be inappropriate for determining H. pylori status in our populations due to their low sensitivities.