Analysis of Effect of Compound Salt Stress on Seed Germination and Salt Tolerance Analysis of Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.).

Abstract

To determine the salt tolerance and physiological mechanism of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) at the germination stage, the Hongtianhu 101 and Xinxiang 8 varieties, which have large differences in salt tolerance, are employed as the study materials. Six mixed salt concentrations of 0, 3, 5, 10, 15, and 20 g/L derived using equal molar ratios of Na2CO3, NaHCO3, NaCl, CaCl2, MgCl2, MgSO4, and Na2SO4 are used. To determine their effects, the related indexes of seed germination, seedling growth, and physiology are measured, and salt tolerance is comprehensively evaluated using membership function analysis. The results show that as the mixed salt concentration increases, the germination potential, germination index, germination rate, seed germination vigor index, root length, and root fresh weight of the two cultivars significantly decrease, whereas the relative salt rate gradually increases. The hypocotyl length and fresh weight aboveground increase first and then decrease, while the malondialdehyde (MDA), proline (Pro) content, catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity decrease and then increase. The germination potential, germination index, germination rate, seed germination vigor index, root length, root fresh weight, MDA and Pro content, and CAT activity of the Hongtianhu 101 seeds are higher than those of Xinxiang 8 for all salt concentrations employed here. However, hypocotyl length, fresh weight aboveground, and relative salt rate are lower in Hongtianhu 101 than in Xinxiang 8. The comprehensive evaluation of salt tolerance reveals that the total weighted values of the two membership function indexes increase first and then decrease as the mixed salt concentration increases. Compared with 5 g/L, which has the highest membership function value, the index under salt concentrations of 3 g/L, 10 g/L, and 15 g/L decreases by 4.7%-11.1%, 25.3%-28.3%, and 41.4%-45.1%, respectively. This study provides theoretical guidance for the breeding of salt-tolerant varieties of pepper and an analysis of the physiological mechanisms involved in salt tolerance and salt-tolerant cultivation.