Abstract
The paper summarizes the experimental data from field and laboratory experiments on the study of the collection material of hull-less barley from ICARDA (Hordeum vulgare L.) on saline soils of the Kyzylorda region. The influence of the type of ripening of the variety and weather conditions of vegetation on the formation and variability of the grain yield of spring hull-less barley is shown. Traits less affected by external factors, such as plant height, spike length, number of spikelets per spike, and number of productive spikes per 1 m2, are determined. It has been established that during the selection, stabilization on such traits occurs in early generations, which increases the efficiency of selection of adaptive varieties. At the present stage, using in hybridization the best hull-less forms ICNBF8-611/Aths, DeirAlla106/Strain205//Rhn-03/3/BF891M-582, Atahualpa/4/Avt/Attiki//Aths/3/Giza121/Pue, Atahualpa/4/Harrington/3/WI2291/Roho//WI2269, and HIGO/LINO with local recognized varieties, 20 hybrid populations have been obtained, and 150 lines selected from them, identified that donors of valuable traits are of particular interest for creating productive cereal varieties.
Highlights
Introduction e Kyzylorda region is located in the south of the Republic of Kazakhstan along the lower reaches of the Syrdarya river and occupies a large part of the Turanian lowland with a flat relief
It should be noted that increasing the protein, its stability by year, and yield of naked and hulled barley in the conditions of the Aral Sea region of Kazakhstan is the main task of selection, the solution of which primarily depends on the availability of completeness of information about the source material
As marker traits for the selection of productive hulled forms of barley, it is proposed to use the number of grains per spike and to use thousand grain weight for the selection of hull-less forms. us, as a result of studying the combining ability of hull-less and hulled variety samples of barley, we have identified donors of economically valuable traits that are recommended for widespread use in synthetic selection: ICNBF8-611/Aths, DeirAlla106/Strain205//Rhn
Summary
Drought and heat are major abiotic stresses that significantly reduce crop yield and seed quality. Varieties formed in arid ecological and geographical areas had higher level of salt tolerance than varieties from areas with a mild and humid climate and where practically there was no soil salinization [9] In this regard, the environmental conditions of the Kyzylorda region are a kind of natural stressful background to conduct selection for early maturation, resistance to salinity, drought, spring frosts, diseases, and pests, which will increase the effectiveness of the work in creating a unique source material for adaptive selection of salt-tolerant varieties. It should be noted that increasing the protein, its stability by year, and yield of naked and hulled barley in the conditions of the Aral Sea region of Kazakhstan is the main task of selection, the solution of which primarily depends on the availability of completeness of information about the source material. It should be noted that various conditions of moisture availability and temperature regime during the years of research allowed us to give an objective assessment of the collected samples of spring barley (Table 1). us, the most unfavorable weather and climate conditions were in 2017 and according to the hydrothermal coefficient were characterized as acutely dry. e hydrothermal coefficient for the entire growing season was only 0.12. e average daily temperatures during the laying of generative organs exceeded the average long-term indicators by 5°C and 3°C
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