Analysis of dynamic changes of the bone substitutes size parameters during the reconstruction of alveolar ridge under exposure to different influencing factors

Abstract

Background. Bone substitutes size changes depend on the influence of a number of determinants, including the origin of the graft and the technique used for the reconstruction of the residual crest. However, question of objective evaluation of such changes remains not fully resolved in dental practice. Objective. Analysis of bone substitutes dynamic size changes under exposure to different influencing determinants based on preliminary scientific and clinical studies. Methods. The Google Scholar Request Form (http://scholar.google.com) was used to search relevant publication by the Advanced Search feature. During the search, such specific types of operators as "+" were used to provide general named titles of the search subject ("bone substitute", "bone graft", "volume loss", "dimension reduction"). The grouping of numerical data that represented dimensional reduction of various bone substitutes was conducted using the Microsoft Excel (Microsoft Office 2013), cells of which were filled with bibliographic data of the publication, the total number of analyzed cases of augmentation, the level of bone material reduction (in numerical representation) and data about specifics of conducted surgical manipulation, applied software, the actual analytical approach, statistical analysis and reliability of the results. Results. During the analysis of the previous studies results, it was found that the size stability of bone substitutes during the reconstruction of the alveolar ridge depends on the origin and form of the material. In the case of using a mixture of materials with different origin, reduction is associated with the percentage of structural components, techniques of their use, the application of the guided bone regeneration principles and the term of the dental implant installation in the region of augmentation. Conclusion. Interpretations of the data obtained during the analysis of bone graft size changes depends on the chosen method of research: in the analyzed publications approaches volumetric reduction at the sites of augmentation differed according to the principles of evaluation (verification of proper volumetric changes, volume calculation based on the parameters of width, length and height, isolation the area of interest by treshholding or manual segmentation) and to the use of adapted software.