Abstract
Many drugs can cause hearing loss, leading to sensorineural deafness. The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk of drug-induced hearing loss (DIHL) by using the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report (JADER) database and to obtain profiles of DIHL onset in clinical settings. We relied on the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities preferred terms and standardized queries, and calculated the reporting odds ratios (RORs). Furthermore, we applied multivariate logistic regression analysis, association rule mining, and time-to-onset analysis using Weibull proportional hazard models. Of 534688 reports recorded in the JADER database from April 2004 to June 2018, adverse event signals were detected for platinum compounds, sulfonamides (plain) (loop diuretics), interferons, ribavirin, other aminoglycosides, papillomavirus vaccines, drugs used in erectile dysfunction, vancomycin, erythromycin, and pancuronium by determining RORs. The RORs of other aminoglycosides, other quaternary ammonium compounds, drugs used in erectile dysfunction, and sulfonamides (plain) were 29.4 (22.4–38.6), 18.5 (11.2–30.6), 15.4 (10.6–22.5), and 12.6 (10.0–16.0), respectively. High lift score was observed for patients with congenital diaphragmatic hernia treated with pancuronium using association rule mining. The median durations (interquartile range) for DIHL due to platinum compounds, sulfonamides (plain), interferons, antivirals for treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections, other aminoglycosides, carboxamide derivatives, macrolides, and pneumococcal vaccines were 25.5 (7.5–111.3), 80.5 (4.5–143.0), 64.0 (14.0–132.0), 53.0 (9.0–121.0), 11.0 (3.0–26.8), 1.5 (0.3–11.5), 3.5 (1.3–6.8), and 2.0 (1.0–4.5), respectively. Our results demonstrated potential risks associated with several drugs based on their RORs. We recommend to closely monitor patients treated with aminoglycosides for DIHL for at least two weeks. Moreover, individuals receiving platinum compounds, sulfonamides (plain), interferons, and antivirals for HCV infection therapy should be carefully observed for DIHL for at least several months.
Highlights
Hearing loss leads to a number of issues such as inability to recognize speech, depression, withdrawal, anger, loss of self-esteem, and poor quality of life
The lower limits of 95% confidence interval (CI) of reporting odds ratios (RORs) for platinum compounds, sulfonamides, interferons, antivirals for treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections, other aminoglycosides, papillomavirus vaccines, drugs used in erectile dysfunction, carboxamide derivatives, glycopeptide antibacterials, other quaternary ammonium compounds, and pneumococcal vaccines were over 1
The drugs for which the lower limits of 95% CI of RORs were over 1 and RORs were over 10 were as follows: other quaternary ammonium compounds, other aminoglycosides, drugs used in erectile dysfunction, for sulfonamides, papillomavirus vaccines, and macrolides (Table 2)
Summary
Hearing loss leads to a number of issues such as inability to recognize speech, depression, withdrawal, anger, loss of self-esteem, and poor quality of life (www.healthinaging.org/a-z-topic/ hearing-loss). Analysis of drug-induced hearing loss by using a spontaneous reporting system database estimated that by 2050, over 900 million people will have disabling hearing loss (www.who.int/ news-room/fact-sheets/detail/deafness-and-hearing-loss). Hearing loss may result from genetic causes, complications at birth, certain viral infections, chronic ear infections, exposure to excessive noise, aging, and ototoxic drugs (www.who.int/ news-room/fact-sheets/detail/deafness-and-hearing-loss). Ototoxic drugs cause functional impairment and/or cellular degeneration of tissues of the inner ear, and result in sensorineural hearing loss [2]. Since the awareness about drug-induced hearing loss (DIHL) has increased among pharmaceutical companies and healthcare professionals, there is greater knowledge about DIHL. Similar information about other ototoxic drugs, it is not well known
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