Analysis of distance measures in spatial trajectory data clustering

Abstract

Tremendous growth of Location-based technologies resulted in the generation of a huge volume of spatial data, which needs to be analyzed to get potentially important patterns. The spatial patterns extracted can be used to design a better infrastructure ensuring reliable service coverage. Trajectory data is one variant of spatial data that are generated by moving objects travelling across. It is represented as a sequence of spatial coordinates (latitude, longitude) of a location. Trajectory clustering tries to group similar spatial data points to extract the most common movement behaviors. Trajectory data poses major challenges including uncertainty, sampling rate, representation, relationships, spatial autocorrelation, serialization, redundancy, and triviality, which makes it hard to apply traditional clustering algorithms over trajectory data. In this paper, K-Means and DBSCAN (Density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise) clustering algorithms are analyzed using different similarity measures like Euclidean, Hausdorff and Haversine distances with the help of index measures say Adjusted Rand Index (ARI) and Fowlkes-Mallows scores (FMS). Experiment is carried out over two different trajectory datasets and it is proved that usage of Haversine distance for clustering is efficient than Euclidean and Hausdorff distances in terms of spatial trajectory data.