Abstract
A complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) image sensor (CIS), using offset pixel aperture (OPA) technique, was designed and fabricated using the 0.11-µm CIS process. In conventional cameras, an aperture is located on the camera lens. However, in a CIS camera using OPA technique, apertures are integrated as left-offset pixel apertures (LOPAs) and right-offset pixel apertures (ROPAs). A color pattern is built, comprising LOPA, blue, red, green, and ROPA pixels. The disparity information can be acquired from the LOPA and ROPA channels. Both disparity information and two-dimensional (2D) color information can be simultaneously acquired from the LOPA, blue, red, green, and ROPA channels. A geometric model of the OPA technique is constructed to estimate the disparity of the image, and the measurement results are compared with the estimated results. Depth extraction is thus achieved by a single CIS using the OPA technique, which can be easily adapted to commercial CIS cameras.
Highlights
Complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) image sensors (CISs) are widely used in various products, such as mobile phones, digital single-lens reflex cameras, and closed-circuit television systems [1,2,3]
A high-power external light source is required for the time-of-flight technique, and the stereo vision technique usually requires more than a single camera
Thecolor colorpattern pattern of of the the offset pixel aperture (OPA) technique technique comprised red, green, and color information be obtained byblue, the blue, red,green and green the TheThe color information can can be obtained by the red, and pixels,pixels, and theand disparity disparity information related to the distancethe between the camera lensobject and the object was obtained by information related to the distance between camera lens and the was obtained by the left-offset pixel apertures (LOPAs)
Summary
Complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) image sensors (CISs) are widely used in various products, such as mobile phones, digital single-lens reflex cameras, and closed-circuit television systems [1,2,3]. CISs have several advantages, including high integration, low power consumption, and high frame rates. They have been developed for imaging systems. Time-of-flight, stereo vision, and structured light techniques have been used [4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11]. A high-power external light source is required for the time-of-flight technique, and the stereo vision technique usually requires more than a single camera
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