Abstract
In this study, we selected natural polyploidy loach (diploid, triploid and tetraploid) and hybrid F1 generation obverse cross (4 × 2) and inverse cross (2 × 4) by diploids and tetraploids as the research model. The MSAP (methylation-sensitive amplified polymorphism) reaction system was established by our laboratory to explore methylation levels and pattern diversification features at the whole genome level of the polyploidy loach. The results showed that the total methylation and full methylation rates decreased on increased ploidy individuals; moreover, the hemimethylation rate showed no consistent pattern. Compared with diploid loach, the methylation patterns of tetraploid sites changed 68.17%, and the methylation patterns of triploid sites changed 73.05%. The proportion of hypermethylation genes is significantly higher than the proportion of demethylation genes. The methylation level of reciprocal cross F1 generation is lower than the male diploid and higher than the female tetraploid. The hemimethylation and total methylation rate of the cross hybrid F1 generation is significantly higher than the orthogonal F1 generation (p < 0.01). After readjusting, the methylation pattern of genome DNA of reciprocal hybrids changed 69.59% and 72.83%, respectively.
Highlights
In the process of biological evolution, polyploidy is a universal and natural phenomenon
The variation of epigenetics plays an important role in improving the diversity of polyploid gene expression, inducing the diploidization of genetics and cytology and promoting mutual coordination between the genome, and so on [16]
As an important form of epigenetic modifications, DNA methylation plays an important role in controlling gene expression, maintaining the stability of the genome, etc
Summary
In the process of biological evolution, polyploidy (the duplication of the whole genome) is a universal and natural phenomenon. Researches in recent years show that the process of polyploidy and stabilization can lead to comprehensive changes in the structure, expression and function of genes. It affects the processes and the mechanisms of all genetic and epigenetic products [3]. DNA methylation as a sort of modification process and reaction that commonly occurs in cells is a major epigenetic modification of genome DNA. It is an important means of regulating gene function [5]. Socli.y2m016o,r1p7,h12is9m9 (MSAP) technology has widely been used in animal and plant2gofe1n4ome
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