Analysis of dietary sodium intake level and its influencing factors in patients with heart failure

Abstract

Objective To investigate the dietary sodium intake level of patients with heart failure and analyze its influencing factors, so as to provide reference for formulating dietary intervention strategies for patients with heart failure. Methods From July 2018 to April 2019, 153 patients with heart failure in the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University were selected as the subject by convenient sampling. The General Questionnaire and Dietary Sodium Restriction Questionnaire (DSRQ) were collected, and 24-hour urine sodium determination was used to assess the patient's dietary sodium intake level. Results A total of 155 questionnaires were distributed and 153 questionnaires were returned. The average dietary sodium intake of 153 patients with heart failure was (3 725.39±1 741.84) mg/d. The dietary sodium intake of 24 patients was within the recommended range (2 000-3 000 mg/d) , accounting for 15.7% (24/153) . The total score of the DSRQ was (54.83±9.15) , and the scores of attitude and subjective normative dimension, cognitive dimension and perceptual behavior control were (23.24±3.15) , (11.77±2.08) , and (19.82±6.13) , respectively.Univariate analysis showed different genders, tastes, dental health status, and whether the dietary sodium intake was different for patients prescribed a low-sodium diet, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05) ; correlation analysis showed that appetite score and sodium intake in patients with heart failure was correlated, the difference was statistically significant (r=0.174, P=0.031) , and the sodium-stable diet behavioral control score was associated with sodium intake in patients with heart failure (r=-0.329, P<0.001) . Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the patient's gender, taste, and patient's perceptual behavioral control of sodium-restricted diet were the main influencing factors of dietary sodium intake in patients with heart failure, explaining 21.5% of the total variation in dietary sodium intake. Conclusions The dietary sodium intake of patients with heart failure is higher than the recommended amount of the guideline, and the current situation is not optimistic. In particular, health care workers should pay attention to individualized dietary guidance and interventions in men with low salty taste and low sodium-stable dietary behavioral scores to reduce heart failure and readmission rates. Key words: Heart failure; Sodium intake; Influencing factors