Abstract
The current study presents the use of Raman spectroscopy combined with support vector machine (SVM) for the classification of dengue suspected human blood sera. Raman spectra for 84 clinically dengue suspected patients acquired from Holy Family Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan, have been used in this study.The spectral differences between dengue positive and normal sera have been exploited by using effective machine learning techniques. In this regard, SVM models built on the basis of three different kernel functions including Gaussian radial basis function (RBF), polynomial function and linear functionhave been employed to classify the human blood sera based on features obtained from Raman Spectra.The classification model have been evaluated with the 10-fold cross validation method. In the present study, the best performance has been achieved for the polynomial kernel of order 1. A diagnostic accuracy of about 85% with the precision of 90%, sensitivity of 73% and specificity of 93% has been achieved under these conditions.
Highlights
Dengue fever is painful infectious disease transmitted by the bite of infected mosquito
Out of 84 samples, 31 were dengue positive and 53 were negative according to Immunoglobulin M (IgM) findings of hospital.The blood samples of all patients have directly been acquired from the Dengue ward of Holy Family Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan in autumn 2015
Spectra of normal sera are shown in red color whereas the spectra of dengue infected sera are shown in light green color
Summary
Dengue fever is painful infectious disease transmitted by the bite of infected mosquito. There are four different types of closely related viruses i.e. DEN1, DEN2, DEN3 and DEN4 that causes the disease. The most common symptoms of dengue infection are high fever, vomiting, exhaustion, body rashes, muscular pain and severe headache. The symptoms usually appear after the incubation period which is about 4-7 days and last for about 10 days. In some cases the disease becomes life threatening, where the blood vessels get leaky. The most severe form of the disease is dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS) in which the platelets counts decrease to less than 100,000 accompanied with the weak pulse pressure. World Health Organization (WHO) data shows that currently about 50-100 million peoples get infected each year worldwide [1,2,3,4,5,6]
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