Abstract
ABSTRACTObjective: To systematically review the use of the Pediatric Daytime Sleepiness Scale (PDSS) in the analysis of daytime sleepiness in children and adolescents.Data source: The electronic databases PubMed and SciELO were consulted between 2003 and 2015. As inclusion criterion, studies were considered in English, Spanish and Portuguese, original articles of any type of design, articles with a sample of children and/or adolescents, articles that used the PDSS. Duplicate articles, articles with no relation to the theme, articles with another investigated population, and articles that the parents answered the instrument for their children were excluded. To find the material with these features, the terms “Daytime sleepiness” AND “adolescents” and “Daytime sleepiness” AND “children” were used in the searches. In addition, the descriptor “Pediatric Daytime Sleepiness Scale” was used to filter more specifically.Data synthesis: Initially, 986 studies related to daytime sleepiness were identified. Considering the inclusion criteria, we analyzed 26 studies composed of 18,458 subjects aged 0 to 37 years. The diurnal sleepiness score ranged from 6.7±0.6 to 25.7±0.6 points. In general, all included studies investigated other sleep variables in addition to daytime sleepiness, such as: sleep duration, sleep quality, sleep hygiene or sleep disorders (narcolepsy and cataplexy), respiratory disorders, neurological and developmental disorders.Conclusions: There was a moderate use of PDSS to evaluate daytime sleepiness. This instrument allows the monitoring of factors that influence excessive daytime sleepiness in children and adolescents.
Highlights
Sleep, which is a basic biological process that is essential for the growth and healthy development of children and adolescents,[1] is considered an important factor for the health of young people
Poor sleep quality may lead to excessive sleepiness during the day, with daytime sleepiness being one of the main consequences related to sleep disturbances.[3]
Scale scores ranged from 6.7 ± 0.6-25.7 ± 4.6, showing in some studies (n = 6) a tendency for excessive daytime sleepiness
Summary
Sleep, which is a basic biological process that is essential for the growth and healthy development of children and adolescents,[1] is considered an important factor for the health of young people. Even without validation for children and adolescents, with the exclusion of questions that consider situations that do not represent the daily life of these populations,[11,12] the Epworth Scale has already been used in a modified way.[13] In this context, the Pediatric Daytime Sleepiness Scale (PDSS) has been recently validated[14] and translated into Portuguese by Felden et al.[15] to be used in the investigation of daytime sleepiness in Brazilian children and adolescents It is a self-assessment instrument that describes some daily life situations related to sleep habits, waking time and sleep problems.[4]. 669 studies were selected for abstract reading and, of these, 548 abstracts were excluded because they did not present an evaluation of daytime sleepiness in their methods and/or results. 23 articles met the inclusion criteria and other 4 articles were selected from the references Of these 27 articles, 1 was excluded because the result was not in accordance with the objective of the present review.
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