Abstract
This article presents the proposed structure and the simulation results from analytical and numerical modeling of two corrosion sensor elements in D-shaped optical fiber: one based on the lossy mode resonance (LMR) effect and the other based on the effect of surface plasmon resonance (SPR). In the first sensor element, a bilayer of titanium dioxide – aluminum (TiO2-Al) is deposited on the D-shaped region, operating in LMR conditions, while, in the second sensor element, an aluminum (Al) monolayer is deposited under D-shaped region, operating in SPR condition. The sensor elements can operate separately, enabling simultaneous two-parameter measurements at two different points, or they can operate in cascade configuration, increasing the operating range and sensitivity of the sensor set. The D-shaped region of the optical fiber is modeled with an analytical model based on the Fresnel formulation, and also with a numerical model, which uses the finite element method with the COMSOL Multiphysics 5.2 software. The transmission of light through the D-shaped region causes peculiar variations in each light polarization in each sensor element, depending on the metal thickness. Both regions are subject to a corrosive environment. The sensor elements are evaluated separately and in cascade configuration, using polarized and nonpolarized light. Finally, the obtained results show two resonance valleys for the same operating wavelength, resulting in a higher operating range with high sensitivity, compared to other corrosion sensor structures found in the literature.
Highlights
In 2013, the annual global cost of corrosion impacts in industry and governments was estimated at more than $ 1.5 trillion, equivalent to 3.4% of that year's gross global product [1]
The corrosion sensor elements operate through the attenuated total reflectance (ATR) method, in which changes in the metal thickness change the lossy mode resonance (LMR)/surface plasmon resonance (SPR) conditions for transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) polarizations, resulting in changes in the light intensity transmitted by the link after the light passes through the D-shaped regions
It is possible to observe that the sensor element based on the LMR effect can operate in different bands, with resonance valleys in 4.5 nm for TM polarization and 13 nm for TE polarization
Summary
In 2013, the annual global cost of corrosion impacts in industry and governments was estimated at more than $ 1.5 trillion, equivalent to 3.4% of that year's gross global product [1]. The configuration used in [9] uses a Side-polished D-shaped single-mode fiber (SP-SMF), in which only the transverse magnetic (TM) polarization undergoes variation in intensity during the corrosion process, while the transverse electric (TE) component remains unchanged In this way, this sensor operates as a polarizer, monitoring corrosion through the ratio of the TM and TE components at the end of the link. This sensor operates as a polarizer, monitoring corrosion through the ratio of the TM and TE components at the end of the link In this work, it is proposed and evaluated the performance of two optical fiber corrosion sensor elements composed of regions of metallized D-shaped optical fiber, operating individually or in cascade, one in LMR condition, using the TE and TM polarizations, and the other in SPR condition, using only the TM polarization.
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