Abstract
The aim is to examine whether the interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-2, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1), and tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) levels were different in pleural effusions of tuberculous pleurisy and tuberculous empyema. IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, TNF-α, PAI-1, and t-PA levels in pleural fluids of 40 patients with tuberculous pleurisy and 38 patients with tuberculous empyema were measured. The levels of IL-1β, PAI-1, and t-PA in the pleural effusions were different between tuberculous pleurisy and tuberculous empyema; it could be helpful to differentiate the two diseases. The levels of PAI-1, IL-1β were higher and t-PA, IL-6 were lower in pleural effusions of the patients with tuberculous empyema and who must undergo operation than the patients who could be treated with closed drainage and anti-TB chemotheraphy. These indications may be helpful to evaluate whether the patient needs the operation.
Highlights
Pleura is divided into a parietal layer which lines the inner aspect of the chest wall and a visceral layer which covers the interlobar fissures
We aimed to examine whether the interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-2, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1), and tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) levels were different in pleural effusions of tuberculous pleurisy and tuberculous empyema
Among the patients with tuberculous empyema, 23 patients were treated with closed drainage and anti-TB chemotheraphy; the other 15 patients needed operation because the lung could not reexpand after closed drainage
Summary
Pleura is divided into a parietal layer which lines the inner aspect of the chest wall and a visceral layer which covers the interlobar fissures. The mean amount of pleural fluid in the normal is as small as 8.4 ± 4.3 mL. Fluid that enters the pleural space can originate in the pleural capillaries, the interstitial spaces of the lung, the intrathoracic lymphatics, the intrathoracic blood vessels, or the peritoneal cavity. Pleural fluid is usually absorbed through the lymphatic vessels in the parietal pleura by means of stomas in the parietal pleura, or through the alternative transcytosis [1]. Despite being isolated by Robert Koch in 1882, as well as the availability of effective treatment and the use of a live attenuated vaccine in many parts of the world, TB remains a serious health issue. Tuberculous pleurisy may develop to tuberculous empyema, a kind of chronic and fatal sequelae
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