Analysis of Cytokine Levels Based on Optical Coherence Tomography Findings in Acute and Chronic Central Serous Chorioretinopathy

Abstract

Purpose: To investigate the characteristics of optical coherence tomography (OCT) and aqueous humor cytokine differences between acute and chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) and to evaluate the relevance of these findings. Methods: This was a cross-sectional, observational study. Patients with CSC were divided into acute and chronic groups based on the symptom duration and were compared with normal controls. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central macular thickness (CMT), subfoveal choroidal thickness (CT), hyperreflective foci (HF), and cytokines including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, IL-10, interferon-inducible protein-10 (IP-10), and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) were used as comparison metrics. Results: A total of 62 patients (62 eyes) with CSC (22 with acute CSC and 40 with chronic CSC) and 35 patients as controls were included in this study. The chronic CSC group had significantly older average ages and worse BCVA than the acute CSC group (both p < 0.05). Both CSC groups showed significant increases in CMT and CT (both p < 0.05). In chronic CSC, the CMT was thinner, with more HF in the neuroretina (p = 0.034). VEGF levels were significantly higher in patients with chronic CSC than in those with acute CSC and controls (p < 0.05). The levels of inflammatory cytokines showed no significant difference between the CSC and control groups. Spearman’s correlation analysis showed that the number of HF was positively correlated with disease duration (r = 0.311, p = 0.014), logMAR BCVA (r = 0.487, P < 0.001) and MCP-1 levels (r = 0.256, p = 0.045). Conclusions: Chronicity of CSC could lead to upregulation of VEGF. HF was associated with a more severe visual impairment in CSC patients and had relations with the levels of MCP-1.