Analysis of cyber-security aspects both ashore and at sea

Abstract

Cyberattacks on critical infrastructure facilities are becoming more complex, ranging from implementation into software codes and ending with powerful opportunities for indirect impact, for example, in the form of geodynamic threats. The maritime industry also suffers from cyberattacks. Information systems, equipment, remote control stations are available to hackers. They can obtain data about valuable cargoes and movement of ships taking them off course, making them run aground or even sinking them. This article elaborates the impact of various maritime cyber security standards. It covers multiple issues including blackmailing, extortion, taking-over ships at a distance. Messing with schedules, ship positioning and in and out traffic, and terminal operations also take place. Countermeasures must be calculated and worked out. It is recommended to have cyber-security drills and information security in maritime transport establishments.