Abstract
CRISPR-Cas (Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-CRISPR associated proteins) loci, which provide a specific immunity against exogenous elements, are hypervariable among distinct prokaryotes. Based on previous researches, this review focuses on concluding systematical genome editing protocols in Streptococcus thermophilus. Firstly, its protocols and optimized conditions in gene editing are introduced. What’s more, classification and diversity analyses of S. thermophilus CRISPR-Cas benefit the further understanding of evolution relationship among Streptococcus. Ability of its foreign segment integration and spacer source analyses also indicate a new direction of phage resistance. Above all, all of these point out its potential to be regarded as another model system other than type II CRISPR-Cas in Streptococcus pyogenes.
Highlights
CRISPR-Cas system was found in thermophilic archaea firstly and used to withstand foreign DNA infection (Garneau et al, 2010)
Type II CRISPR system has been widely used as an important gene editing tool
This work is of help to understand and accelerate researches about environmental adaptability and anti-phage mechanism of S. thermophilus, CRISPR gene editing, comparative genomic studies and evolution of Streptococcus genus and even prokaryotes
Summary
CRISPR-Cas system was found in thermophilic archaea firstly and used to withstand foreign DNA infection (Garneau et al, 2010). After long-term immune and evolution processes, S. thermophilus CRISPR/Cas loci present rich diversities. This article focus on the diversities of four CRISPR/Cas and CRISPR function researches, such as sgRNA-Cas9 gene editing technology, evolution relationships and anti-phage activity of S. thermophilus and its potential of becoming another model creature in Type II CRISPR/Cas researches.
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