Abstract
The controlled short-circuit transfer is used to control the heat input of the molten pool and the base metal in the cold metal transfer welding process, including droplet formation, droplet transfer and molten pool flow. Based on the influence of arc pressure on the surface of the molten pool, droplet impact and residual energy on the flow behavior of the molten pool, this research proposes the arc pressure driving model, the droplet impact driving model and the residual energy transfer model on the molten pool surface respectively, and on this basis, a theoretical model of controlled driving and spreading of the cold metal transition bath is proposed. The theoretical relationship between the surface shape of the keyhole and the driving force, and the relationship between the surface shape of the molten pool and the welding current are established. The model accurately predicts the formation width and contact angle of the molten pool in a specific interval, which can better control the welding process and geometry.
Highlights
Controlled Driving and SpreadingIn the welding process, the internal flow of the molten pool is the main factor that determines the final fusion shape of the weld, the solidification structure and the formation of defects [1]
The arc pressure, droplet impact and residual energy on the surface of the molten pool have a decisive influence on the flow process of the molten pool
The welding current has a decisive effect on the flow behavior of the molten pool
Summary
The internal flow of the molten pool is the main factor that determines the final fusion shape of the weld, the solidification structure and the formation of defects [1]. Studies believe that arc shear stress is the main driving force to promote the free surface deformation of the molten pool and the reflow of liquid metal, which masks the influence of the surface tension gradient [13]. This research fully considers the influence of arc pressure, droplet impact and residual energy on the flow process of the molten pool, and proposes a theoretical model of the controlled driving and spreading of the molten pool, and establishes the theoretical relationship between the surface shape of the molten pool and the welding current, predict and verify the shape of the molten pool surface and the size of the weld
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