Abstract
Transportation is an example of a typical, open, fluid complex network system. Expressways are one form of complex transportation networks, and expressway service areas serve as infrastructure nodes in the expressway transportation network; hence, their construction has a significant impact on tourism development and utilization. Domestic and foreign studies on complex transportation networks have mostly been conducted from the perspective of railways, air transport, and urban transportation but seldom on expressway transportation networks. This study employed complex network theory, social network analysis, kernel density analysis, and bivariate autocorrelation to characterize the spatial structure of expressway transport networks in terms of geographical centrality. By innovating the coupling of geographical centrality and passenger flow centrality in clustering, the study also quantitatively analyzed the differences between the geographical advantage and actual passenger flow advantage of China’s Guizhou expressway transportation network to analyze the tourism utilization potential of expressway service areas. We found that (1) the geographical centrality of the Guizhou expressway transportation network ranged from −1.28 to 3.33, and its distribution shows a single-core, polyconcentric dispersed spatial structure; (2) the passenger-car flow rate ranged from 15,000 to 3.66 million, and its distribution showed a dual-core, polycentric dispersed structure that is weakly concentric; and (3) there was a positive correlation of 0.22 between the geographical centrality and passenger flow of the Guizhou expressway transportation network, which showed seven cluster types—“high-high,” “moderately high-high,” “low-high,” “moderately low-high,” “high-low,” “moderately high-low,” and “low-low”—for which seven corresponding models of tourism development were proposed. This study broadens the practical application of traffic network complexity research and provides a scientific basis for upgrading and transforming the Guizhou expressway transportation network as well as for developing composite tourism uses for expressway service areas.
Highlights
Transportation is one of the six elements of tourism development and the most important intermediary component in the “three-body theory of tourism.” [1] As the main transport corridor for self-driving tourism, expressways play an important role in improving interregional accessibility
Ough several studies have been conducted in China and abroad on the impact of transportation networks on tourism [27–51], research on the relationship between expressway transportation networks and tourism is lacking. us, this study examined the expressway transportation network in Guizhou province using complex network theory, social network analysis, kernel density analysis, and bivariate autocorrelation to calculate the spatial clustering of geographical centrality and passenger flow centrality, quantitatively evaluate the difference between geographical advantage and actual passenger flow advantage, and analyze the tourism utilization potential of expressway service areas
Conclusions. is study performed a comprehensive analysis of the complexity of the expressway transportation network in Guizhou province, which enabled us to understand the differences between its geographical
Summary
Transportation is one of the six elements of tourism development and the most important intermediary component in the “three-body theory of tourism.” [1] As the main transport corridor for self-driving tourism, expressways play an important role in improving interregional accessibility. E degree of transportation convenience became an important indicator for the development of the tourism industry [45], and changes in transportation facilities affected the spatial structure of regional tourist destinations [46, 47]. Methods such as social network analysis, analytic hierarchy process, and TOP network were used to quantitatively investigate the relationship between tourism and complex transportation networks [48, 49], and the environmental impact of tourism transportation systems was calculated using ecological footprint, carbon emissions, and other indicators [50]. Seven models of tourism development were proposed, with a view of providing a scientific basis for optimizing the layout of expressway transportation networks and reshaping service areas for tourism
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