Abstract
Human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccine is a proven method for preventing HPV-related cancers and genital warts, especially preventing cervical cancer. It is aimed to systematically review and synthesize conclusions in detail from community-based studies published in Turkey between 2009 and 2019, which evaluate the knowledge, awareness, attitude, and behaviors of individuals towards HPV and HPV vaccination. This systematic review is conducted based on the PRISMA reporting method and includes community-based, descriptive cross-sectional and cross-sectional studies published between 2009 and 2019. In this systematic review, 5132 studies from six databases were scanned in total. It was determined that there were 23 studies that met the eligibility criteria for this systematic review. In the reviewed studies, it was determined that the rate of “Hearing of HPV before” was 3.8% at the lowest and 57.0% at the highest, and the rate of “Hearing of HPV vaccine before” was 2.2% at the lowest and 74.7% at the highest. In the reviewed studies, it was reported that although parents’ willingness to have their daughters vaccinated with HPV vaccine varied between 14.4% and 68.0%, their willingness to have their sons vaccinated with HPV vaccine varied between 11.0% and 62.0%. In addition, it was reported that the lowest rate of vaccination with HPV vaccine among participants was 0.3% at the lowest and 6.0% at the highest. Consequently, it is considered that conducting common, systematic, and continuous health education programs aimed at both sexes and including both parents, which will increase the knowledge and awareness on HPV and its vaccine, would provide positive attitudes, and will be effective in protecting against HPV-related cancers.
Highlights
Human papilloma virus (HPV) infection, which is sexually transmitted to both males and females, is a global epidemic [13]
Throughout the world and in Turkey, HPV vaccines are recommended to individuals from both sexes between the ages of 9 and 26 years and before the first sexual experience [11,12]
The literature reported that negative attitude and behaviors of individuals and parents such as lack of knowledge and low awareness about mode of transmission, protection, and early diagnosis methods of HPV infection, cost of HPV vaccine, potential adverse effects, and suspecting vaccine safety, and negative news on all vaccines prevented the generalization of the HPV vaccination [16,17,18]
Summary
Human papilloma virus (HPV) infection, which is sexually transmitted to both males and females, is a global epidemic [13]. HPV-related cancers are listed as cervical, vulvar, vaginal, anal, rectal, penile, and oropharyngeal cancers [5,6]. According to data from the surveillance program conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in the United States of America between 2008-2012, it is reported that 38,793 people on average were diagnosed as having HPV-related cancer and 59% of whom were females and 41% were males [6]. It is reported that vaccines containing HPV16-18 types prevent 63% of all HPV-related cancers; vaccines containing nine types of HPV (HPV6-11-16-18-31-33-45-52-58) provide protection against cervical, vulvar, vaginal, and anal cancers by 90% [6,10]. Throughout the world and in Turkey, HPV vaccines are recommended to individuals from both sexes between the ages of 9 and 26 years and before the first sexual experience [11,12]. The HPV vaccine, the safety of which has been verified by the European Medicines Agency [13], is included in national vaccination program in many countries, but it is not included in Turkey’s national vaccination schedule [13,14,15]
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