Abstract
The global prevalence of overweight (including obesity) in children under 5 years of age was 7% in 2012, and it is expected to rise to 11% by the year 2025. The main objective of this study was to fit spatio-temporal quantile interval regression models for childhood overweight (including obesity) in Namibia from 2000 to 2013 using fully Bayesian inference implemented in R-INLA package in R version 3.5.1. All the available Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) datasets for Namibia since 2000 were used in this study. Significant determinants of childhood overweight (including obesity) ranged from socio-demographic factors to child and maternal factors. Child age and preceding birth interval had significant nonlinear effects on childhood overweight (including obesity). Furthermore, we observed significant spatial and temporal effects on childhood overweight (including obesity) in Namibia between 2000 and 2013. To achieve the World Health Organisation (WHO) global nutrition target 2025 in Namibia, the existing scaling-up nutrition programme and childhood malnutrition policy makers in this country may consider interventions based on socio-demographic determinants, and spatio-temporal variations presented in this paper.
Highlights
The common indicators of childhood overnutrition are overweight and obesity
Despite this small drop in 2013, childhood overweight is alarmingly becoming a major overnutrition burden in Namibia because it was above 5% by the year 2013 which was slightly below the worldwide prevalence of 7% in 2012 [1]
The prevalence rates of childhood overweight in Namibia increased from 2.0% in 2000 to 5.8% in 2006 and slightly dropped to 5.3% in 2013
Summary
The common indicators of childhood overnutrition are overweight and obesity. The overall World Health Organisation (WHO) global nutrition target 2025 is to improve maternal, infant, and young child nutrition. One of the specific nutrition targets is the policy of overweight and obesity which aims at making sure that there is no more increase in prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity from 2014 to. To attain this specific nutrition target, scalingup nutrition programmes are available in most countries across sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) including Namibia [2]. The main aim of this research was to assess socio-demographic determinants and geographical variation of childhood overweight (including obesity) in Namibia between 2000 and 2013 using spatio-temporal quantile interval regression models implemented in R-INLA package [3] in R version 3.5.1
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