Abstract
Present study was conducted to estimate heavy metals, macro and micro nutrients along with pesticide residues in fecal pellets of Pteropus giganteus fruit bat at three different sites, Chatpat Bani (district Pathankot) site I, village Katani Kalan (district Ludhiana) site II and village Longowal (district Sangrur) as site III. Among heavy metals, Cr predominates (17.35-26.30 ppm) followed by Pb (7.17-10.03 ppm) from three selected sites. Comparatively, higher levels of Cr, Pb, Cd and Ni heavy metals were recorded at site III, whereas As at site II, respectively. Among macro nutrients, K (7653.50-16927.17 ppm) and Mg (3249.33-3516.10 ppm) predominates in three sites. Comparatively higher levels of Mg, Ca and Na macro nutrients were recorded at site III whereas K and P at site I, respectively. Among micro nutrients, Fe (682.88-2069.45 ppm) and Zn (79.18-126.02 ppm predominates in three selected sites. Comparatively higher levels Fe, Zn and Mn micro nutrients were recorded at site II, B at site III and Cu at site I, respectively. Interestingly, contamination of pesticide residues in faecal pellets was found negligible as GLC showed values below detectable limits i.e., <0.05 ppm in all selected locations, which is a positive sign that exposure of bats to different pesticides is negligible in these areas due to less usage of pesticides or excretion by body. In present study, all elements were under permissible limits which are required for growth and reproduction except Mg and K which are good indicator of assessment of environment.
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