Analysis of Chemical Composition for Sasanian and Parthian Artwork Found in Various Region of Garmian Areas with Micro-XRF and P-XRF

Abstract

The objectives of this paper are to use micro-X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (μ-XRF) and portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometry to specify the quality and element percent content of Sasanian and Parthian artwork samples: glasses, metals, and ceramics found in various regions of the Garmian area to determine and characterize the element and material compositions of the studied samples. The metallic models (L, M) are made of iron, (O) brass, (N.R) bronze, and (W, Y) silver, according to our findings. Soda ash makes up the majority of the glass samples (Si, Na, Ca>1%, MgO, K2O>1%). Sample J might be soda-lime glass because of the low Mg and K content (<1% MgO, <1% K2O). Six of the elements tested in the ceramic samples (Cl, Co, As, Mo, W, Bi) were not measurable (<LOD). The origination of the samples is also of importance, in addition to the material composition. As a result, lead isotope analyses on the samples will be performed to assess the source of lead and lead-containing raw materials. The next measurement campaign, on the other hand, has yet to be arranged and can only be carried out with a bigger number of samples on hand.