Abstract
The goal of this investigation was to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo efficiency of Raphanus raphanistrum extracts against Fusarium and Pythiaceae species associated with apple and peach seedling decline in Tunisian nurseries. A chemical composition of organic extracts was accomplished using liquid chromatography, thin layer chromatography, and gas chromatography analysis. The in vitro test of three aqueous extract doses of R. raphanistrum against some apple and peach decline agents showed its efficacy in reducing mycelia growth. The in vivo assay of fine powder of this plant on peach seedlings revealed that treatment 8-weeks before the inoculation and planting was more efficient than the treatment before one week. This experiment revealed that the root weight of peach seedlings inoculated by F. oxysporum was improved to 207.29%. For apple seedlings, the treatment 8 weeks before the inoculation and plantation was more efficient than the treatment one week before; it reduced the root browning index. The study of R. raphanistrum chemical composition and its efficiency showed that the glucosinolates products: nitrile (4-Hydroxy-3-(4-methylphenylthio) butane nitrile, benzene acetonitrile, 4-fluoro,butane nitrile, 4-hydroxy-3-[(4-methylphenyl) thio] nitrile), and thiocyanate molecules (thiocyanic acid, ethyle) are responsible for the anti-fungal activities.
Highlights
The aims of this study were to (i) evaluate the in vitro and in vivo efficacy of a Brassicaceae plant “Raphanus raphanistrum” against five pathogen species associated with apple and peach seedling decline in Tunisian nurseries; (ii) study the chemical composition of this plant; and (iii) determine the glucosinolates products responsible for this effect
For the concentration of 5%, the growth reduction percent ranged between 55.19% for F. solani and 100% in case of F. oxysporum
The three doses of R. raphanistrum aqueous extract were able to inhibit the in vitromycelial growth of F. oxysporum, F. solani, Phytophthora citrophthora, Pythium ultimum, and Phytopythium mercuriale
Summary
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Apple (Malus domestica) and peach (Prunus persica) crops occupy an important place in the world, in terms of total fruit yield within the fruit industry [1]. The development of these crops has had various phytosanitary problems (e.g., seedlings decline) [2,3]. In Tunisia, this problem was reported on apple trees in 2004, and the damage has since increased [4]. The damage observed in Tunisian apple orchards is caused by three species of Phytophthora (Phytophthora cactorum, P. parasitica, and P. inundata) and five
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