Abstract
The essential oil of Meriandra dianthera (Konig ex Roxb.) Benth. (Synonym: Meriandra bengalensis, Lamiaceae) collected from Saudi Arabia was studied utilizing GC and GC/MS. Forty four constituents were identified, representing 96.8% of the total oil. The M. dianthera essential oil (MDEO) was characterized by a high content of oxygenated monoterpenes (76.2%). Camphor (54.3%) was the major compound in MDEO followed by 1,8-cineole (12.2%) and camphene (10.4%). Moreover, MDEO was assessed for its cytotoxic, antimicrobial, and antioxidant activities. MDEO demonstrated an interesting cytotoxic activity against all cancer cell lines with IC50 values of 83.6 to 91.2 μg/mL, especially against MCF-7 cancer cells. Using labeling with annexin VFITC and/or propidium iodide (PI) dyes and flow cytometer analysis, the apoptosis induction was quantitatively confirmed for MCF-7 cells. The MDEO exhibited a considerable antimicrobial activity against all bacterial and fungal strains with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)-values of 0.07 to 1.25 mg/mL. The most sensitive microbial strain was Staphylococcus aureus (MIC: 0.07 mg/mL). Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) or minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) values were determined one time higher than that of MIC’s. Additionally, the MDEO revealed a strong activity for reducing β-carotene bleaching with a total antioxidant value of 72.6% and significant DPPH free radical scavenging activity (78.4%) at the concentration 1000 μg/mL.
Highlights
IntroductionThe genus Meriandra (family: Lamiaceae) is represented by four species that are distributed throughout Asia, Africa, and India [1] (Wood, 1997)
The genus Meriandra is represented by four species that are distributed throughout Asia, Africa, and India [1] (Wood, 1997)
This is the first study on chemical content, cytotoxic, antimicrobial, and antioxidative activities of the essential oil of M. dianthera grown in Saudi Arabia
Summary
The genus Meriandra (family: Lamiaceae) is represented by four species that are distributed throughout Asia, Africa, and India [1] (Wood, 1997). [synonym: Meriandra bengalensis (Konig ex Roxb.) Benth.] is one of the members of this genus, which occurs as a perennial much-branched, erect, aromatic undershrub up to a high of 3–6 ft and grows in Saudi Arabia, Yemen, and Eritrea on rocky hills between 2000 and 2800 m [1,2]. The aerial part and the root of this plant species are widely used in Saudi and Yemeni folk medicine. The infusion of the plant is indicated for wounds as an antiseptic agent and as a remedy for urinary tract infections [5,6]. Previous study on the roots of Meriandra dianthera (Meriandra bengalensis) collected from Yemen have shown interesting cytotoxic, antimicrobial, and antioxidative activities and led to the purification and the characterization of four abietane diterpenoids [11]
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