Abstract
PurposeThe blood levels of Adiponectin, anti-inflammatory and anti-arteriosclerotic adipocytokine, decrease due to smoking and obesity. Cigarette smokers are generally known to gain weight after smoking cessation (SC). Nevertheless, precise changes in serum adiponectin levels after SC and specific effects of abdominal obesity on those changes remain unknown. The objective of this study was to elucidate the changes in serum adiponectin levels after SC and the effects of abdominal obesity on those changes.MethodsIn 86 patients (56 males and 30 females) who had successfully quit smoking, serum adiponectin levels were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay at baseline and 1 year after beginning SC.ResultsBody mass index and waist circumference (WC) were significantly increased 1 year after beginning SC. Adiponectin levels, however, did not change after SC. Using the median ΔWC (+2.8%) as the cutoff point, patients were then divided into two groups. The percent change in adiponectin levels from baseline to 1 year was significantly greater in the ΔWC < median group (−1.1%) than in the ΔWC ≥ median group (+8.1%) (p = 0.011).ConclusionsDespite weight gain and increased abdominal obesity, serum adiponectin levels did not decrease after SC. Therefore, the beneficial effect of SC may eliminate the adverse effects of subsequent weight gain. Conversely, patients with less abdominal obesity had increased adiponectin levels 1 year after SC. Therefore, in such patients, the beneficial effect of SC on adiponectin levels is apparent.
Highlights
Cardiovascular disease risk decreases within two years of smoking cessation, !10 years may be needed for risk levels to match those in nonsmokers [1]
Using the median ΔWC (+2.8%) as the cutoff point, patients were divided into two groups
The percent change in adiponectin levels from baseline to 1 year was significantly greater in the ΔWC < median group (−1.1%) than in the ΔWC ! median group (+8.1%) (p = 0.011)
Summary
Cardiovascular disease risk decreases within two years of smoking cessation, !10 years may be needed for risk levels to match those in nonsmokers [1]. Smokers, who typically have higher levels of high-sensitivity CRP, may need 20 years to significantly decrease high-sensitivity CRP levels to match those in nonsmokers [2]. It remains unclear why such a prolonged period of time is needed for cardiovascular risk to decrease to levels found in nonsmokers after smoking cessation. Weight gain typically occurs for about three years after smoking cessation and has been reported to worsen glucose tolerance [3,4,5]. Weight gain after smoking cessation should be limited to 5 kg to significantly reduce the risk of cardiovascular events in smokers with diabetes mellitus [8]. To maximize the reduction in risk due to smoking cessation, comprehensive management (including management of weight gain after smoking cessation) is required
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